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Reduction of ignition delay of the vegetable oil in the hot environment of the LHR engine improved heat release rates and efficient energy utilization.
This was due to decrease of un-burnt fuel fraction in the cylinder leading to increase in VE in CE and reduction of gas temperatures with LHR engine.
This was also due to the reduction of residual fraction of the fuel, with the increase of injection pressure.
Table 7 Data of smoke levels at peak load operation Injection timing ( o bTDC) Test Fuel Smoke levels at peak load (HSU) Conventional Engine LHR Engine Injector opening pressure(Bar) Injector opening pressure (Bar) 190 230 270 190 230 270 NT PT NT PT NT PT NT PT NT PT NT PT 27 DF 48 -- 38 -- 34 -- 55 -- 50 -- 45 -- CJO 65 60 63 58 58 54 45 40 40 35 35 30 30 DF 36 -- 34 -- 32 -- 45 -- 42 -- 41 -- CJO 60 55 55 50 45 55 40 35 35 30 30 25 31 DF 33 --- 32 -- 30 -- 43 -- 41 -- 40 -- CJO 55 50 50 45 55 52 35 30 30 25 25 22 32 DF 32 -- 31 -- 32 -- -- -- -- --- -- -- CJO 50 45 55 52 52 49 -- -- -- --- -- -- 33 DF 30 --- 30 -- 35 -- - -- -- -- -- -- This was due to i) the reduction of density of the vegetable oils, as density is directly proportional to smoke levels, ii) the reduction of the diffusion combustion proportion in CE with the preheated vegetable oil, iii) the reduction of the viscosity of the vegetable oil, with which the fuel
Hence further work on reduction of NOx levels is necessary.

Using measurement and quantitative analysis of plate camber, process data analysis of the plate, equipment monitoring and operation adjustment, a systematical diagnostic strategy of plate camber has been carried out.
On the contrary, as for the plate, the camber easily presents in the asymmetrical deformation while apparent waves does not occur even when there exists reduction difference at the two sides of the plate.
Analysis and Diagnosis Based on Sample Data and Process Data of Rolling Control System. (1) Plate wedge diagnosis The unit width volume before and after the deformation remains the same in the hypothesis that there is no lateral metal flow in the rolling process.
Meanwhile, the value of plate off-tracking and the roll gap inclination difference can be obtained with the analysis of processing and measured data.
(2) Based the influence of plate camber, a diagnostic strategy for plate camber has been carried out on the foundation of the measurement and quantitative analysis for plate camber, processing data analysis of the plate, equipment monitoring and operation adjustment

A WaterCAD hydraulic network model of the existing Ikpoba Hill Benin City water distribution system was constructed and calibrated for steady state simulation studies using the network's physical, operational and calibration data.
(4) Reduction of human suffering.
The model was constructed in 3 steps of minimal model skeletonization [3], model building and model calibration based on the network's physical and operational data applying rules available in the literature, e.g. [3, 8, 9].
Operational data were also obtained from the Water Board.
To use the base hydraulic model as a predictive tool, it was calibrated [9,10] using calibration data consisting of pressure measurements at 3 locations in the network and operating conditions for selected test days [10].

These data enable an evaluation of the Kearns orientation parameter (f) defined in terms of the effective fraction of basal poles in a specified direction.
It has been demonstrated that the Kearns f-factor can be related to the tube-reduction parameters such as the wall reduction and diametral decrease that control the crystallographic texture of the formed product.
The axial and hoop strains were monitored in-situ using an LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transducer) and a laser telemetric extensometers respectively while the data were recorded by a PC.
It is clear that there is a large error in this data point due mainly to the very small diametral decrease in uniaxial loading.
Data on the effect of annealing temperature on Kearns f-factor included in Table 2 are plotted for the normal or radial direction in Figure 7 that shows f decreasing during recrystallization.

However, diffusion ER model provided a high closeness between experimental and calculated drying data (VAR>99.80).
Results and Discussion Experimental drying data.
Equilibrium moisture contents were obtained from the desorption data of carrots reported by Zhang et al. [38].
The ER model allows fitting the data quite well, the explained variance being always higher than 99.8 % and the mean relative error lower than 10%.
Moisture diffusivity data compilation for foodstuffs: effect of material moisture content and temperature.

This experimental study has produced a systematic data set of the elastic modulus and fracture stress which contribute to the implementation of stress and strain analyses of SOFCs.
The experimental results demonstrated that there was a characteristic value of initial porosity above which the mechanical properties could be maintained during a reduction- re-oxidation cycle.
Deformation and Mechanical damage The data acquisition system employed in this study is described in our previous report [3].
Analysis and imaging of the obtained data were done by improving information technique, which are one of the techniques for wavelet analysis and location analysis.
Future efforts will focus on development of techniques for efficiently processing the huge volume of data, and investigating methods for automatic extraction of the period and features of valid signals, without setting threshold values beforehand.

Linear polarization results showed that the open circuit potential shifted positively with increasing bismuth content, which is explained based on the gassing data and change in the exchange current of the zinc electrode.
Fig.2 Discharge capacity of pure zinc and zinc-bismuth alloys, 6g zinc fiber in alkaline C cell with 6.2g 35% KOH, continuous discharging at 1A (TeckCominco internal data) The zinc based batteries have high energy densities compared with other alkaline batteries.
The potentiodynamic anodic polarization, the linear polarization measurements and discharging experiments were performed by employing a computer-controlled Autolab PGSTAT30 (Eco Chemie, The Netherlands), and all the data were analyzed by GPES software.
This appears to be the case according to the data of passivation time (Fig.12), which shows that passivation time decreases with increasing of Bi concentration.
This is in agreement with the data on the exchange current.

The first of these includes the initial accumulation of data, experience and skills in the production of new material (the emergence of new technology); the prescription approach dominates; in research, trial and error; process control is intuitive, based only on the experience of the technologist.
The development of technology is based on a generalization of accumulated data, identifying patterns of the influence of various factors on the properties of the material; research is conducted with the involvement of fundamental sciences - the second stage (the formation of a new technology).
Pearson method of principal components turned out to be effective (it consists in finding a multidimensional ellipsoid of scattering of empirical data in factor space; it is determined by the location and lengths of the semiaxes - the main directions and standard deviations in the space of the main directions).
The dimensionality reduction (separation of the initial data into the content part and noise) is achieved by discarding the directions corresponding to small eigenvalues.
The relationship of the characteristics of the material with the parameters of the model was determined by experimental data.

The relevant research data shows that tensile compressive ratio of high strength concrete generally is 1/20 ~ 1/24.
Dry Shrinkage Table5 Dry shrinkage of high performance pavement concrete Num C kg/m3 CUFA kg/m3 CUFA % SL mm Dry shrinkage（10-6） 3d 7d 14d 28d 60d 90d 180d 1 320 80 20 45 90 180 250 290 420 460 474 2 280 120 30 35 80 150 190 230 362 402 432 3 240 160 40 40 75 146 184 241 382 412 429 Figure2 The influence of CUFA on drying shrinkage A large number of research data [5] show that ultra-fine fly ash can well restrain the dry shrinkage of concrete for its excellent water reduction, close-grained filling, and micro-aggregate effect.
The study results show that the increase of aggregate can restrain dry shrinkage effectively with smaller hydration degree in early slurry and less gel generating, thus the shrinkage could be reduced; At the same time, because of the reduction water effect of fly ash, it made the water consumption of concrete reduce 15～30 kg/m3, so the water cement ratio was lower, which could effectively reduce dry shrinkage.
The time of crack appearance and the cracks extending to the whole concrete surface, which mixed composite ultra-fine fly ash, was longer than not mixed fly ash concrete obviously, the average area reduced and the more quantity of mixed fly ash is, the more notable effect of concrete cracks reduction is.
We can see that the more quantity of mixed fly ash is, the more notable effect of concrete cracks reduction is.

Process plot charts The numerical simulation results allow to understand the dependency of some process performance indexes (e.i. percentage thickness reduction, FLD map at the end of the forming phase, etc.) on the defined shape factors.
As first step, the maximum thickness reduction (in percentage) has been considered as quality process index response depending on the defined shape factors.
Figure 4 - First plot chart typology referred to the considered geometric configuration S1MOD Figure 5 – Shape factor for different drawing depth The obtained plot is divided in two areas: the lower one with thickness percentage reduction (tpr) less than 30% can be considered, based on experience, the process feasibility window, the upper one with output values higher than 30% can be considered the process unfeasibility window.
Figure 9 - Numerical-experimental thickness values comparison for S5MOD, along X-X section Figure 10 - Numerical-experimental thickness values comparison for S5MOD, along Y-Y section Figure 11 - Numerical-experimental thickness values comparison for S5MOD, along A-A section Figure 12 - Thickness map of numerical simulation for S5MOD and experimental component From the reported data and other not reported data in this paper, it can be assumed a good correlation and a very good repetitiveness.
Figure 13 - Contour Plot of thickness distribution and sheet thickness reduction of S5MOD Figure 14 - Contour Plot of numerical thickness distribution of S5MOD For the experimental phase has been used Autogrid®.