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Online since: September 2014
Authors: Yu Hua Wang, Chen Chen, Lei Niu
Over the last 20 years of Rural Industry Reform, collective enterprises have caused a reduction.
of 1988-2011 in order to be unified, no data of Guizhou in 2002-2011 (1) In 1988-1996, there were 17 provinces whose rural industrial collective enterprises proportion declined, the provinces whose proportion is increasing and decreasing both showed a plaques centralized distribution.
Eastern proportion reduction of rural industrial collective enterprises is greater than the west, which shows that the east has become the leading area.
(Table 4) Fig.5 The reduction level in the proportion of number and gross output in 1997 (2) In 1997-2001, 29 provinces whose collective proportion dropped sharply presented a diffusional downgrade pattern.
In the early 1990s, because of market sluggishness, financial strain and reduction of tax, credit support and other preferential measures, stock cooperative enterprises reform was mainly applied to rural collective industrial enterprises, and its proportion began declining.
of 1988-2011 in order to be unified, no data of Guizhou in 2002-2011 (1) In 1988-1996, there were 17 provinces whose rural industrial collective enterprises proportion declined, the provinces whose proportion is increasing and decreasing both showed a plaques centralized distribution.
Eastern proportion reduction of rural industrial collective enterprises is greater than the west, which shows that the east has become the leading area.
(Table 4) Fig.5 The reduction level in the proportion of number and gross output in 1997 (2) In 1997-2001, 29 provinces whose collective proportion dropped sharply presented a diffusional downgrade pattern.
In the early 1990s, because of market sluggishness, financial strain and reduction of tax, credit support and other preferential measures, stock cooperative enterprises reform was mainly applied to rural collective industrial enterprises, and its proportion began declining.
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Monica Cîrstoiu, Razvan Ene, Catalin Cirstoiu, Iulian Antoniac, Mihai Nica, Patricia Ene, Zsombor Panti, Marian Pleniceanu
The data was analysed using Student's t-test and a comparison between the two groups was devised.
The data was analysed using Student's t-test and a comparison between the two groups was devised.
All clinical data and statistics related to the patients involved in our study are shown in table 1.
Our results are consistent with the data reported by others concerning union times [15].
Meta-analysis of data sugests that reconstruction type cephalo-medullary nails may provide superior results [16].
The data was analysed using Student's t-test and a comparison between the two groups was devised.
All clinical data and statistics related to the patients involved in our study are shown in table 1.
Our results are consistent with the data reported by others concerning union times [15].
Meta-analysis of data sugests that reconstruction type cephalo-medullary nails may provide superior results [16].
Online since: November 2012
Authors: A.J. Pontes, António Sergio Pouzada, Monica S.A. Oliveira, Tatiana V. Zhiltsova, Joel C. Vasco
These data were also assessed numerically by 3D-finite element modelling.
The reduction of the mesh size as well as the increase of the mesh density are consistent with better representativeness of the experimental flow front progress in the microimpression.
Furthermore, it was found out that the short shots predicted numerically could not be precisely correlated with the experimental data.
However, these data are not conclusive, and doubts concerning the precision of numerical simulation using commercial tools still highlight the need for further work in this research area.
By minimizing the element size and increasing their density better correlation with experimental data is possible.
The reduction of the mesh size as well as the increase of the mesh density are consistent with better representativeness of the experimental flow front progress in the microimpression.
Furthermore, it was found out that the short shots predicted numerically could not be precisely correlated with the experimental data.
However, these data are not conclusive, and doubts concerning the precision of numerical simulation using commercial tools still highlight the need for further work in this research area.
By minimizing the element size and increasing their density better correlation with experimental data is possible.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Yue Zhang, Jun Gang Gao, He Tang Zheng, Chun Fang Wang, Hui Xian Liu, Shu Chun Zhao
Synthesis of novel drug Benvitimod
Jungang Gao1,a*, Yue Zhang1,2,b, Hetang Zheng2,c, Chunfang Wang2,d,
Huixian Liu2,e and Shuchun Zhao2,f
1College of Chemistry and Enviromental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
2School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
agaojg@hbu.edu.cn, byuezhang02@163.com, czhenght@hebust.edu.cn, dwangcf@hebust.edu.cn, eliuhx@hebust.edu.cn, fzhaoshuchunsun@163.com
Keywords: Benvitimod; 3,5-dihydroxy-4-i-propylstilbene; reduction; oxidition; heterogeneous.
The product was characterized by 1H NMR and the spectra data was identical with that corresponding authentic sample.
Results of reduction entry substrate reductive agent solvent time (h) content (%)* yield (%) 1 2 3 4 5 4b 4b 4b 4a 4a LiAlH4 NaBH4+CH3OH NaBH4+ AlCl3 KBH4+BF3·Et2O NaBH4+I2 Ether THF THF THF THF 3 6 6 12 4 99 99 98 99 98 94 96 95 92 94 In the oxidation process from 5 to 6a, PCC was used in the original route.
The product was characterized by 1H NMR and the spectra data was identical with that corresponding authentic sample.
Results of reduction entry substrate reductive agent solvent time (h) content (%)* yield (%) 1 2 3 4 5 4b 4b 4b 4a 4a LiAlH4 NaBH4+CH3OH NaBH4+ AlCl3 KBH4+BF3·Et2O NaBH4+I2 Ether THF THF THF THF 3 6 6 12 4 99 99 98 99 98 94 96 95 92 94 In the oxidation process from 5 to 6a, PCC was used in the original route.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Rameshwar Rao, K. Venkateswara Rao, C. Shilpa Chakra
The reduction of pure Ag+ ions has been monitored by measuring the UV-Vis spectrum of the reaction products at 5 hours after diluting a small aliquot of the sample with distilled water.
As the Carica papaya fruit extract has been mixed with the aqueous solution of the silver ion complex, it changed its color from watery to yellowish brown due to reduction of silver ion indicating formation of silver nano-particles.
Conclusions In conclusion, it can be stated that bio-reduction of aqueous Ag+ ions by the fruit extract of the Carica papaya plant has been demonstrated in a novel and eco-friendly green synthesis process.
The reduction of the metal ions using fruit extracts has led to the formation of silver nano-particles of fairly well-defined dimensions.
The average crystallite size of the silver particles calculated from XRD (35nm) is in the same order with particle size histogram data.
As the Carica papaya fruit extract has been mixed with the aqueous solution of the silver ion complex, it changed its color from watery to yellowish brown due to reduction of silver ion indicating formation of silver nano-particles.
Conclusions In conclusion, it can be stated that bio-reduction of aqueous Ag+ ions by the fruit extract of the Carica papaya plant has been demonstrated in a novel and eco-friendly green synthesis process.
The reduction of the metal ions using fruit extracts has led to the formation of silver nano-particles of fairly well-defined dimensions.
The average crystallite size of the silver particles calculated from XRD (35nm) is in the same order with particle size histogram data.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Hai Fan, Ling Li, Xu Yun, Xiao Kun Liu, Jie Zhang, Bao Shan Wang
Excessive salt lowers the soil water potential and thus the reduction of stomata aperture, which limits CO2 supply for photosynthesis. (2) Ion stress.
And for each index, at least 5 data were collected.
Based on the theory of Farquhar [6], the reduction of photosynthesis under 200mM NaCl may be due to stomatal limitation factor, but the reduction under 400 mM NaCl may be due to non-stomatal limitation factor, because the decline of Gs was paralleled with the increase of Ci.
In this paper, though the reduction of Pn was accompanied by the reduction of Gs under both 200 and 400 mM NaCl.
Under NaCl stress, the CO2 utilization ability is often impaired, which is reflected by the reduction of Pn, and reflected by the increase in CO2 compensation point and CO2 saturation point, especially in C3 plants.
And for each index, at least 5 data were collected.
Based on the theory of Farquhar [6], the reduction of photosynthesis under 200mM NaCl may be due to stomatal limitation factor, but the reduction under 400 mM NaCl may be due to non-stomatal limitation factor, because the decline of Gs was paralleled with the increase of Ci.
In this paper, though the reduction of Pn was accompanied by the reduction of Gs under both 200 and 400 mM NaCl.
Under NaCl stress, the CO2 utilization ability is often impaired, which is reflected by the reduction of Pn, and reflected by the increase in CO2 compensation point and CO2 saturation point, especially in C3 plants.
Online since: November 2023
Authors: Daniele Mirabile Gattia, Alessandra Palombi, Antonino Coglitore, Fabio De Pascalis, Michele Nacucci, Fania Palano, Angelo Tatì, Ugo De Angelis, Giuseppe Barbieri, Maria Richetta
Table 1 summarize obtained data.
Similar results were obtained by Al-Bermani and colleagues [9] who also correlated the reduction of the mechanical properties of the treated samples with the size increase of the α phase lamellae.
In this load condition, the resulting safety factor was high enough to operate a mass reduction: lattice structures, modelled by the software Netfabb, replaced the massive part of the component.
The two different geometries, Softbox and Hexagon allow a mass reduction of 32% and 27%, respectively.
The same simulations performed on the modified parts showed a reduction of the safety factor below allowable values, the method proposed should be supported by new simulations on parts with different degrees of mass reduction.
Similar results were obtained by Al-Bermani and colleagues [9] who also correlated the reduction of the mechanical properties of the treated samples with the size increase of the α phase lamellae.
In this load condition, the resulting safety factor was high enough to operate a mass reduction: lattice structures, modelled by the software Netfabb, replaced the massive part of the component.
The two different geometries, Softbox and Hexagon allow a mass reduction of 32% and 27%, respectively.
The same simulations performed on the modified parts showed a reduction of the safety factor below allowable values, the method proposed should be supported by new simulations on parts with different degrees of mass reduction.
Online since: August 2008
Authors: Sumaeth Chavadej, O. Huayyai, R. Rujiravanit, M. Abe
The experimental data taken after the steady state conditions
were averaged for assesing the process performance.
The cycle time of 2 d/cycle gave the highest surface tension reduction of 59%.
The higher the reduction of surface tension, the higher the biosurfactant concentration.
The biosurfactant produced from this strain showed a lower surface tension than other strains that were reported such as the biosurfactant produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2 by using olive oil and sunflower oil as carbon sources which gave the lowest surface tension of 34 and 37 mN/m, respectively [9]. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1 2 3 Cycle time (d/cycle) Surface tension (mN/m) 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Surface tension reduction (%) Surface tension Surface tension reduction Microbial Concentration The effluent suspended solid (SS) was measured in the decant step which indicates the cell wash out.
Surface tension and surface tension reduction at different cycle times when the SBR system was operated at an oil loading rate of 2 kg/m3d under steady state conditions.
The cycle time of 2 d/cycle gave the highest surface tension reduction of 59%.
The higher the reduction of surface tension, the higher the biosurfactant concentration.
The biosurfactant produced from this strain showed a lower surface tension than other strains that were reported such as the biosurfactant produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2 by using olive oil and sunflower oil as carbon sources which gave the lowest surface tension of 34 and 37 mN/m, respectively [9]. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1 2 3 Cycle time (d/cycle) Surface tension (mN/m) 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Surface tension reduction (%) Surface tension Surface tension reduction Microbial Concentration The effluent suspended solid (SS) was measured in the decant step which indicates the cell wash out.
Surface tension and surface tension reduction at different cycle times when the SBR system was operated at an oil loading rate of 2 kg/m3d under steady state conditions.
Online since: June 2011
Authors: S.A. Mohamad, Z.A. Ibrahim, A.K. Arof, Wan Jefrey Basirun, Mehdi Ebadi
To avoid the oxygen reduction reaction, the electrolyte solutions were purged free from dissolved O2 with pure nitrogen gas for 30 minutes before each experiment.
On the anodic scan, the oxidation peak of the reduction of zinc to Zn2+ can be clearly seen at -0.5 V.
We assign this wave at - 0.5 V in Fig. 3 to Eq. 2, which is followed by the reduction of Zn2+ at more negative potentials to give ZnSe deposits.
Zn2+ (aq) + Se (s) + 2e- → ZnSe (s) (4) In summary, the reduction of H2SeO3 to Se which further catalyzes the reduction of Zn2+ ions can be represented by the equation: Zn2+ (aq) + SeO32- (aq) + 6H+ (aq) + 6e- → ZnSe (s) + 3H2O (aq) (5) To prepare good quality thin films of ZnSe on ITO conducting glass, considering the preliminary results mentioned above, electrodeposition were done at three different potential at 65oC.
Similar result was reported by [7, 8] and also conforms to the JCPDS data [6].
On the anodic scan, the oxidation peak of the reduction of zinc to Zn2+ can be clearly seen at -0.5 V.
We assign this wave at - 0.5 V in Fig. 3 to Eq. 2, which is followed by the reduction of Zn2+ at more negative potentials to give ZnSe deposits.
Zn2+ (aq) + Se (s) + 2e- → ZnSe (s) (4) In summary, the reduction of H2SeO3 to Se which further catalyzes the reduction of Zn2+ ions can be represented by the equation: Zn2+ (aq) + SeO32- (aq) + 6H+ (aq) + 6e- → ZnSe (s) + 3H2O (aq) (5) To prepare good quality thin films of ZnSe on ITO conducting glass, considering the preliminary results mentioned above, electrodeposition were done at three different potential at 65oC.
Similar result was reported by [7, 8] and also conforms to the JCPDS data [6].
Online since: July 2014
Authors: S. Joseph Sekhar, V. Christus Jeya Singh, K. Thyagarajan, P.C. Murugan
A data logger is provided to record the temperature.
Sufficient quantity of charcoal is filled over the grate so as to occupy the entire reduction zone.
Variation of HHV with ф for the biomasses Wood and Rubber Seed Kernel A reduction in HHV of gas has been observed with the increase in ф.
In both biomasses drastic reduction in efficiency is observed when the equivalence ratio is increased from 0.2 to 0.3.
Sheth: Modeling and Simulation of Reduction Zone of Downdraft Biomass Gasifier: Effect of Char Reactivity Factor.
Sufficient quantity of charcoal is filled over the grate so as to occupy the entire reduction zone.
Variation of HHV with ф for the biomasses Wood and Rubber Seed Kernel A reduction in HHV of gas has been observed with the increase in ф.
In both biomasses drastic reduction in efficiency is observed when the equivalence ratio is increased from 0.2 to 0.3.
Sheth: Modeling and Simulation of Reduction Zone of Downdraft Biomass Gasifier: Effect of Char Reactivity Factor.