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Compared with the real ship testing, ship model test is not affected by the outside environment restriction, and the amount of manpower and material resources it costs is relatively less, so it is a main test method at present.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Ministry of transportation science and technology funds (2012-329-225-090)Guangdong，transportation Department of science and technology project funding（2011-02-061）and Dalian Science and Technology Fund Project (2012).
Reference [1] Shiming Shao, Lianen Zhao, Nianchang Zhu, Ship Resistance[M], Beijing: National DefenceIndustry Press, 1995 [2] RongquanCai, Current Situation of Ship CFD and OurKnowledge[J], Ship & Boat, 2002,2(1) [3] Yansheng Yang, XinleJia, Mathematical Model ofShip Motion [4] Zhong Wang, Xiaoping Lu, Wei Wang, Nonlinear Wave Making Resistance Calculation for Transom-stern Ship with Consideration of Sink age and Trim[J], Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics, A, 2010, 25(3):422-428 [5] V Yakhot, S A Orzag, Renormalization Group Analysis of Turbulence: Basic Theory[J],JScientComput, 1986,1: 3-11 [6] Daly B.
Transport Equations in Turbulence[J], Physics Fluids,1970,13:2634-2649 [7]Chonben Ni, A Comprehensive Investigation of Ship Resistance Prediction Based on CFD Theory[M], Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, 2011 [8] Hongxiu Wang, A Study of Computing Method of Propeller Thrust of Single Screw Ship[J], 2007-09, U661.313 [9]Guoding Li, WenxianGu, A Study of the Value of the Propeller Thrust Deduction Factor(t)[J], Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 1990-08 Vol16,No.3:251-254 [10]Tongshan Li, Biguang Hong, Calculating ship residuary resistance coefficient based on the lap-keller chart.
Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 2007, Vol.33 No.1:25-28.

Samples of 10 holes with the same diameter for different materials (a) aluminum fin (b) titanium fin.
Temperature profiles on fins for different materials and specific boundary conditions.
Figure 23 ( illustrates the temperature variation over time for different fin materials (aluminum, titanium).
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 93 (2016) 1330–1340
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. 105 (2019) 41–50

Materials and Methods The composition of the materials used in synthesizing Graphene Oxide (GO) is given in Table 1.
Construction and Building Materials, 160, 66-81
Materials, 10(4), 396
Journal of Building Engineering, 72, 106732
Case Studies in Construction Materials, e01359

Raw materials were supplied in cast ingot bars.
Koichi,Creep characteristics of Ca-added die–cast AM50 magnesium alloys, Materials Science Forum, 419-422 (2003) 459-464
Tiwari,Development of creep-resistant magnesium alloys for powertrain applications: Part 1 of 2, SAE Transactions: Journal of Materials & Manufacturing (USA). 110 (2001) 406-413
Hu, Influence of applied pressure on microstructure and tensile properties of squeeze cast magnesium Mg-Al-Ca alloy, Materials Science and Engineering A. 528(10-11) (2011) 3589-3593
Masoumi, and Henry Hu, Metallographic analyses of squeeze cast Mg alloy with varying levels of Ca addition, Materials Science Forum, (2015) in press

The advent of nanocrystalline materials makes superplasticity of pure metals possible.
Kaibyshev: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 117 (2001), P.300-306 [3] S.X.
Mukherjee: Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 319-321 (2001) p.849 - 853 [4] R.S.
McFadden, et al: Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 252 (1998), p.174-178 [5] Torre F.
Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 395(2005), p. 265-268 [7] Torre F.

Two kinds of tubular materials, stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti and low carbon steel 20, were used in the simulation.
The materials were assumed to be isotropic, homogeneous and incompressible in deformation behavior and described by the power law of σ=1340ε0.34andσ=736ε0.233, respectively.
The logarithmic ΔL is in linear proportion to the logarithm μ, i.e. the ΔL is in exponent proportion to μ at various peak pressures for the two tubular materials, so the COF in expansion zone of the tube can be estimated by using both of experiments and FE simulations based on the relationship.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (51065006), Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (0832243) and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System & Advanced Manufacturing Technology (09-007-05S007).
Lianfa: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 41(2005), p. 180-184

In recent years, researchers started to adopt inverse analysis method based on simple fracture tests to study the softening curve of concrete material.
The initial tangent modulusand poisson ratioof the concrete specimens, listed in Table 1, are used as material input for the specimens.
The fracture energy , fracture toughness can be obtained by direct tension test and wedge splitting test of the same material.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by a grant from Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Y1100757), National Natural Science Foundation of China (50409005) , Zhejiang Provincial Key Innovation Team (2010R50035) and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (FZ1103).
This work was also supported by International cooperative research project between Zhejiang University of Technology (College of Civil Engineering and Architecture) and Center for Advanced Cement-Based Materials, Northwestern University, USA.

In other words, the reduced calcine acting as acid consuming material to neutralize the acid released from iron ion hydrolyzing.
During the leaching process, the nickel, magnesium, aluminum and so on are also be leached, which act as net acid consuming materials, additional acid will be needed.
Acknowledgment The project was sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50774020) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (N100302007).
Murad, Identification of ferrihydrite in soils by dissolution kinetics, differential X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy, Soil Science Society of America Journal. 46 (1982) 869-897
Whittington, Characterization of scales obtained during continuous nickel laterite pilot-plant leaching, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 31B (2000) 1175-1186

This will require its production from lignocellulosic raw materials such as agro-industrial residuals because they are plentiful, cheap, and renewable [2].
Materials and Methods Feedstock Corncobs (obtained from local market in Suphanburi, Thailand) were sliced into small pieces and then dried at 60 °C to achieve a moisture content less than 10% before machine-milling.
Pretreatment of corncobs with 2% NaOH, 1% H2SO4 and heated at temperatures of 170°C for 5 min produced an easily digestible material, which resulted in high yields of reducing sugar.
Master of Science in Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, (2010)
Tanaka: Enzymatic digestion of corncobs pretreated with low strength of sulfuric acid for bioethanol production, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.05. 002. (2010)

Introduction The pipeline steels are the most economical and reasonable materials for oil and gas long distance transportation under high pressure.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51204049) and Scientific Research Foundation for young teachers of Ministry of Education (N110307002).
Xu, Study on M/A islands in pipeline steel X70, Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 12(2005) 43-47
Kang, Interrelations of strength-toughness and retained austenite mechanical stability in granular bainite, Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 14(1993) 14-19
Deng, Microstructures and toughness of granular bainite in low-carbon Fe-Mn-B steel, Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 1(1981) 5-14