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Online since: August 2013
Authors: Guo Hai Xiong, Xin Yun Liu
Reduction of Glitch Interference in FPGA Design
Guohai Xiong1,a, Xinyun Liu 2,b
1.
Design of circuit through using Gray code Gray code is characterized in that only one number between any two adjacent codes is different, which is helpful for code conversion and transmission, and reduction of fuzzy shape in the circuit from one state to the next state with very strong anti-interference ability.
If the glitch doesn’t satisfy the setup of data and hold time, it will not do harm to the system.
Design of circuit through using Gray code Gray code is characterized in that only one number between any two adjacent codes is different, which is helpful for code conversion and transmission, and reduction of fuzzy shape in the circuit from one state to the next state with very strong anti-interference ability.
If the glitch doesn’t satisfy the setup of data and hold time, it will not do harm to the system.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Xiao Yao Qian, Ping Ping Wang
In this paper by means of noise and vibration measurements, meanwhile carry out statistical and analysis for the measured data to find the influence size of various factors with quality analysis tool, and then adopt some corresponding measures to control the motor noise, hoping to improve the motor quality.
Through the measurement of motor noise and vibration, while the measured data for statistical analysis to identify the size of the various factors and choose to modify the methods of motor noise and vibration, hoping to improve the motor quality, meanwhile, increase motor products on the market share.
Through a series of tests and the actual measurement data, then analyze them.
Magnetic noise reduction of induction machines[J].
The analysis and noise reduction method of three wire asynchronous motors mechanical vibration and noise[J].Shanghai Medium and Large Electrical Machines,2007(3):18-20
Through the measurement of motor noise and vibration, while the measured data for statistical analysis to identify the size of the various factors and choose to modify the methods of motor noise and vibration, hoping to improve the motor quality, meanwhile, increase motor products on the market share.
Through a series of tests and the actual measurement data, then analyze them.
Magnetic noise reduction of induction machines[J].
The analysis and noise reduction method of three wire asynchronous motors mechanical vibration and noise[J].Shanghai Medium and Large Electrical Machines,2007(3):18-20
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Cherng Shing Lin, Kuo Da Chou, Chia Chun Yu
According to data from 1998 from the U.S.
After long-term collecting data and summarizing statistics, the objective values were set based on global outstanding assessment (GOA), which was proposed by a T-brand automobile company, and on the abundant experimental data of the T-brand automobile company (Table 3).
The data revealed 80 mm of intrusion at Pillar A and 210 mm of intrusion at the foot space.
These data can be used for designing vehicle structures, enabling designers to improve unsatisfactory components.
Only the probability of occupants’ injuries can be examined based on the statistical data.
After long-term collecting data and summarizing statistics, the objective values were set based on global outstanding assessment (GOA), which was proposed by a T-brand automobile company, and on the abundant experimental data of the T-brand automobile company (Table 3).
The data revealed 80 mm of intrusion at Pillar A and 210 mm of intrusion at the foot space.
These data can be used for designing vehicle structures, enabling designers to improve unsatisfactory components.
Only the probability of occupants’ injuries can be examined based on the statistical data.
Online since: February 2010
Authors: David P. Field, Colin C. Merriman, Ioannis N. Mastorakos
White areas are regions of high excess
dislocation density while black regions are grain boundaries or low confidence data.
Table 1 shows all pertinent data calculated for the 2-D and 3-D excess dislocation density.
The XRM data, on the other hand, showed a sharp change in orientation at the subcell boundaries.
This bulk region is where the XRM data are obtained (on the order of a few microns below the specimen surface).
(a) (b) Figure 3 - Point to point misorientations shown for (a) XRM data and (b) EBSD data.
Table 1 shows all pertinent data calculated for the 2-D and 3-D excess dislocation density.
The XRM data, on the other hand, showed a sharp change in orientation at the subcell boundaries.
This bulk region is where the XRM data are obtained (on the order of a few microns below the specimen surface).
(a) (b) Figure 3 - Point to point misorientations shown for (a) XRM data and (b) EBSD data.
Online since: October 2018
Authors: Ahmed Abd El-Moneim, Amr Hessein
The photovoltaic measurements were performed using a solar simulator (San-Ei Electric XES-40S1) at AM 1.5 at 1 sun illumination intensity (100 mW/cm2), and the current density–voltage (J-V) data were recorded using a source meter unit (Keithley SMU 2400).
Hence, the value of the cathodic current density (Jred) is directly related to the electrochemical activity of the tested CE for Sx2- ions reduction.
The EIS data were fitted to the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 4(d) using Zsimpwin software and the fitted impedance parameters are summarized in Table 1.
Also, the reduction in Rs values of RGO:CuS CEs indicate the better binding between the CE active material and the FTO substrate.
(a) The J-V curves of CdS QDSSCs based on the different CEs, (b) the reproducibility test data.
Hence, the value of the cathodic current density (Jred) is directly related to the electrochemical activity of the tested CE for Sx2- ions reduction.
The EIS data were fitted to the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 4(d) using Zsimpwin software and the fitted impedance parameters are summarized in Table 1.
Also, the reduction in Rs values of RGO:CuS CEs indicate the better binding between the CE active material and the FTO substrate.
(a) The J-V curves of CdS QDSSCs based on the different CEs, (b) the reproducibility test data.
Online since: June 2022
Authors: Radu Cojocaru, Ion Aurel Perianu, Lia-Nicoleta Botila, Alexandru Adrian Geana
The definite and unanimously appreciated advantages of this process are well known as they generate important benefits [1-4]:
- increasing the operational durability of loaded parts, by up to max. 300%, by protecting the wear surfaces with adequate materials in correlating the characteristics of the operating stresses;
- reduction of the consumption of special steels by up to 90% by replacing them differentially in the composition of weight bearing structures with carbon steels or low-alloy steels, over which, in the area subjected to wear, welding-compatible materials are deposited meeting the base level of specific strength requirements;
- reduction of energy consumption by up to 65% by eliminating operations specific to the classical processing process;
- increasing operational safety and reducing the risk of damage to loaded parts, as a result of improving the quality level;
- reduction of operating costs.
Fig. 4 Tram wheel bandage (I-IV reconditioned areas by mechanized MIG / MAG welding) At the time of implementation, the specialized MIG / MAG welding reconditioning installations, made and put into operation at the autonomous public transport utilities in Timisoara, Arad and Iasi, ensured the following economic effects: · the expenses with reconditioning / used part represent max.30% of the purchase price of a new part; · significant increase in operational safety for mechanized reconditioning compared to manual; · reduction by approx. 50% of the labor required for reconditioning, by: o reduction of auxiliary times affected by machining operations after welding, as a result of uniform deposits; o reduction of the auxiliary times necessary to disassemble the bandages on the wheels, respectively axles; · reduction of consumption of electricity and welding materials by approx. 20%; · decrease (by approximately 70%) of the import of new components necessary for the means of transport
The mobile automated inspection system must determine as accurately as possible the degree of wear of the tram wheel tires; the data obtained from the inspection process are saved and used to program the operating cycle of the automated system for loading by welding; an inspection sheet is generated, based on the data obtained from the inspection process as well as the related recommendation (whether or not it is necessary to recondition the respective part).
Mobile automated inspection system presents the following innovative solutions: - Mobility is the main innovative element of the system and its major advantage, allowing easy use directly at the beneficiary's premises and identification of parts that need reconditioning without the need to disassemble them for inspection, thus reducing the time required and eliminating costs related to labor procedures for disassembly / assembly of part as well as replacement of related consumables; - Wear analysis algorithms are also an innovative element, which is based on the analysis of data obtained from precision measurements of laser sensors used to determine the size of the bandage, its thickness and the characteristics of damaged areas (dimensions, depths etc.) thus allowing much faster and more accurate identification of parts that require reconditioning.
Conclusions - The main reasons for the regular maintenance of means of transport are: increased operational safety, safety and comfort of passengers, reduction of noise, increase the life of wear components, reduction of malfunctions; - Rehabilitation by welding of used components allows to reduce the operating costs of public transport; - The use of automated welding loading systems ensures a uniform deposition of the layers, which has the effect of reducing by ≈10% the labor for post-welding operations (machining to restore the profile of the reconditioned parts to the prescribed dimensions)
Fig. 4 Tram wheel bandage (I-IV reconditioned areas by mechanized MIG / MAG welding) At the time of implementation, the specialized MIG / MAG welding reconditioning installations, made and put into operation at the autonomous public transport utilities in Timisoara, Arad and Iasi, ensured the following economic effects: · the expenses with reconditioning / used part represent max.30% of the purchase price of a new part; · significant increase in operational safety for mechanized reconditioning compared to manual; · reduction by approx. 50% of the labor required for reconditioning, by: o reduction of auxiliary times affected by machining operations after welding, as a result of uniform deposits; o reduction of the auxiliary times necessary to disassemble the bandages on the wheels, respectively axles; · reduction of consumption of electricity and welding materials by approx. 20%; · decrease (by approximately 70%) of the import of new components necessary for the means of transport
The mobile automated inspection system must determine as accurately as possible the degree of wear of the tram wheel tires; the data obtained from the inspection process are saved and used to program the operating cycle of the automated system for loading by welding; an inspection sheet is generated, based on the data obtained from the inspection process as well as the related recommendation (whether or not it is necessary to recondition the respective part).
Mobile automated inspection system presents the following innovative solutions: - Mobility is the main innovative element of the system and its major advantage, allowing easy use directly at the beneficiary's premises and identification of parts that need reconditioning without the need to disassemble them for inspection, thus reducing the time required and eliminating costs related to labor procedures for disassembly / assembly of part as well as replacement of related consumables; - Wear analysis algorithms are also an innovative element, which is based on the analysis of data obtained from precision measurements of laser sensors used to determine the size of the bandage, its thickness and the characteristics of damaged areas (dimensions, depths etc.) thus allowing much faster and more accurate identification of parts that require reconditioning.
Conclusions - The main reasons for the regular maintenance of means of transport are: increased operational safety, safety and comfort of passengers, reduction of noise, increase the life of wear components, reduction of malfunctions; - Rehabilitation by welding of used components allows to reduce the operating costs of public transport; - The use of automated welding loading systems ensures a uniform deposition of the layers, which has the effect of reducing by ≈10% the labor for post-welding operations (machining to restore the profile of the reconditioned parts to the prescribed dimensions)
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Rameshwar Rao, K. Venkateswara Rao, C. Shilpa Chakra
The reduction of pure Ag+ ions has been monitored by measuring the UV-Vis spectrum of the reaction products at 5 hours after diluting a small aliquot of the sample with distilled water.
As the Carica papaya fruit extract has been mixed with the aqueous solution of the silver ion complex, it changed its color from watery to yellowish brown due to reduction of silver ion indicating formation of silver nano-particles.
Conclusions In conclusion, it can be stated that bio-reduction of aqueous Ag+ ions by the fruit extract of the Carica papaya plant has been demonstrated in a novel and eco-friendly green synthesis process.
The reduction of the metal ions using fruit extracts has led to the formation of silver nano-particles of fairly well-defined dimensions.
The average crystallite size of the silver particles calculated from XRD (35nm) is in the same order with particle size histogram data.
As the Carica papaya fruit extract has been mixed with the aqueous solution of the silver ion complex, it changed its color from watery to yellowish brown due to reduction of silver ion indicating formation of silver nano-particles.
Conclusions In conclusion, it can be stated that bio-reduction of aqueous Ag+ ions by the fruit extract of the Carica papaya plant has been demonstrated in a novel and eco-friendly green synthesis process.
The reduction of the metal ions using fruit extracts has led to the formation of silver nano-particles of fairly well-defined dimensions.
The average crystallite size of the silver particles calculated from XRD (35nm) is in the same order with particle size histogram data.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Hai Fan, Ling Li, Xu Yun, Xiao Kun Liu, Jie Zhang, Bao Shan Wang
Excessive salt lowers the soil water potential and thus the reduction of stomata aperture, which limits CO2 supply for photosynthesis. (2) Ion stress.
And for each index, at least 5 data were collected.
Based on the theory of Farquhar [6], the reduction of photosynthesis under 200mM NaCl may be due to stomatal limitation factor, but the reduction under 400 mM NaCl may be due to non-stomatal limitation factor, because the decline of Gs was paralleled with the increase of Ci.
In this paper, though the reduction of Pn was accompanied by the reduction of Gs under both 200 and 400 mM NaCl.
Under NaCl stress, the CO2 utilization ability is often impaired, which is reflected by the reduction of Pn, and reflected by the increase in CO2 compensation point and CO2 saturation point, especially in C3 plants.
And for each index, at least 5 data were collected.
Based on the theory of Farquhar [6], the reduction of photosynthesis under 200mM NaCl may be due to stomatal limitation factor, but the reduction under 400 mM NaCl may be due to non-stomatal limitation factor, because the decline of Gs was paralleled with the increase of Ci.
In this paper, though the reduction of Pn was accompanied by the reduction of Gs under both 200 and 400 mM NaCl.
Under NaCl stress, the CO2 utilization ability is often impaired, which is reflected by the reduction of Pn, and reflected by the increase in CO2 compensation point and CO2 saturation point, especially in C3 plants.
Online since: November 2023
Authors: Daniele Mirabile Gattia, Maria Richetta, Giuseppe Barbieri, Antonino Coglitore, Fabio De Pascalis, Michele Nacucci, Fania Palano, Angelo Tatì, Ugo De Angelis, Alessandra Palombi
Table 1 summarize obtained data.
Similar results were obtained by Al-Bermani and colleagues [9] who also correlated the reduction of the mechanical properties of the treated samples with the size increase of the α phase lamellae.
In this load condition, the resulting safety factor was high enough to operate a mass reduction: lattice structures, modelled by the software Netfabb, replaced the massive part of the component.
The two different geometries, Softbox and Hexagon allow a mass reduction of 32% and 27%, respectively.
The same simulations performed on the modified parts showed a reduction of the safety factor below allowable values, the method proposed should be supported by new simulations on parts with different degrees of mass reduction.
Similar results were obtained by Al-Bermani and colleagues [9] who also correlated the reduction of the mechanical properties of the treated samples with the size increase of the α phase lamellae.
In this load condition, the resulting safety factor was high enough to operate a mass reduction: lattice structures, modelled by the software Netfabb, replaced the massive part of the component.
The two different geometries, Softbox and Hexagon allow a mass reduction of 32% and 27%, respectively.
The same simulations performed on the modified parts showed a reduction of the safety factor below allowable values, the method proposed should be supported by new simulations on parts with different degrees of mass reduction.
Online since: August 2008
Authors: Sumaeth Chavadej, O. Huayyai, R. Rujiravanit, M. Abe
The experimental data taken after the steady state conditions
were averaged for assesing the process performance.
The cycle time of 2 d/cycle gave the highest surface tension reduction of 59%.
The higher the reduction of surface tension, the higher the biosurfactant concentration.
The biosurfactant produced from this strain showed a lower surface tension than other strains that were reported such as the biosurfactant produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2 by using olive oil and sunflower oil as carbon sources which gave the lowest surface tension of 34 and 37 mN/m, respectively [9]. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1 2 3 Cycle time (d/cycle) Surface tension (mN/m) 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Surface tension reduction (%) Surface tension Surface tension reduction Microbial Concentration The effluent suspended solid (SS) was measured in the decant step which indicates the cell wash out.
Surface tension and surface tension reduction at different cycle times when the SBR system was operated at an oil loading rate of 2 kg/m3d under steady state conditions.
The cycle time of 2 d/cycle gave the highest surface tension reduction of 59%.
The higher the reduction of surface tension, the higher the biosurfactant concentration.
The biosurfactant produced from this strain showed a lower surface tension than other strains that were reported such as the biosurfactant produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2 by using olive oil and sunflower oil as carbon sources which gave the lowest surface tension of 34 and 37 mN/m, respectively [9]. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1 2 3 Cycle time (d/cycle) Surface tension (mN/m) 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Surface tension reduction (%) Surface tension Surface tension reduction Microbial Concentration The effluent suspended solid (SS) was measured in the decant step which indicates the cell wash out.
Surface tension and surface tension reduction at different cycle times when the SBR system was operated at an oil loading rate of 2 kg/m3d under steady state conditions.