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Al-Sabagh, M.
El-Sayed Ahmed, M.A.
Leal Filho et al., “An overview of the problems posed by plastic products and the role of extended producer responsibility in Europe,” J.

Ali et. al [10] suggested that the broadening of the PS peak not only contributed by reduced crystallite size but also came from the stress experienced by the crystallites as well as the crystallites size distribution.
El-Bahar and Y.
Al-Douri, N.

Frantz Fanon, B.P. 399 Alger-Gare , Alger, Algeria. 2USTHB, Faculté d'électronique, BP 32 EL Alia Bab.
These defects were used by Kaiser et al [6] as nucleation sites for the etch attack to achieve a useful texture.
Strehlke et al [19] and much lower than defect etchants method based on the HF/HNO3/CH3COOH system where a reflectance well below 15% has been obtained on cast Silso silicon [6].

This was done by Laux et al. [4], used a free surface model to figure out the entrainment of gas from a tapping jet plunging into a 305 ton ladle.
El-Kaddah et al., TMS 21-30 (1999) [14] H.

Discussion and Conclusions By doing the similar controlled experiments introduced by Villarreal et al. (2005) [7] in this study, we obtained a UH different from that provided by them.
It is shown that compared with conventional roof, extensive green roof can delay runoff initiation , reduce the total runoff volume, cut the peak flow of runoff and prolong the runoff duration significantly if the initial substrate moisture condition is dry; And even when the substrate layer is wet from previously fallen rain, the extensive green roof can detain a heavy rain effectively by distributing the runoff over a longer time period and thus lower the peak flow of runoff, this finding agrees with the conclusion drawn by Bengtsson et al. (2005) [11] .
[7] Villarreal, E.L. and L.

GE was calculated according to Kojima et al. as [12]: GE = 100% × (W2 – W1) / W0, where W0, W1 and W2 denote, the weight of total monomers, the weight of original St and the weight of grafted St, respectively.
The elemental analysis of original starch and grafted starch was done with an elemental analyzer (Model: Vario EL III, Elementar, Germany).
Singh et al. found that when cKPS is 0.0025 M, no matter temperature is low (50 oC) or high (98 oC), even under N2 atmosphere, no grafting occured [20].

Heunen 3 1 Laboratoire de Génie Mécanique LAB-MA-05, ENIM, Ibn El Jazzar, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia. 2 LTPCM , Domaine Universitaire BP 75 Saint Martin d'Hères 38402, France. 3 European Synchrotron Radiation Facilities (ESRF),38000 Grenoble Cedex, France.
According to Balzar et al [17] naturally high beam collimation of synchroton provides a higher resolution, that is, the narrow instrumental line profile implies a high sensitivity to the small physical broadening.
However this order of magnitude for the relative free volume concentration is far below the theoretical values predicted by the plastic flow model of Steif et al [8].

., Inconel 718 and Hastelloy X) are mainly attributed by precipitations such as the γ' (L12 structure: Ni3(Al, Ti)) and γ'' (D022 structure: Ni3Nb) phases within the γ matrix (face-centered cubic (fcc) structure) [2].
Gokcekaya et al. reported that unique hierarchical structure consisting of micrometer-scale crystallographic lamellar microstructure (CLM) and nanometer-scale cellular structure can be obtained in Inconel 718 fabricated by SLM under the optimized process parameters and scanning strategy [13].
El May, Surface roughness effect of SLM and EBM Ti-6Al-4V on multiaxial high cycle fatigue, Theor.

Measurement set-up: a, b) MTS with the measurement system – electrochemical cell (corrosive solution and reference electrode Ag/AgCl placed on a sample) with Data Logger for electrochemical potential measurement, c) macrostructures of TIG and FSW welded joints (particular areas of the joint specified) before the static tensile test In this way the level of tensile stress that initiates corrosion processes on TIG and FSW joints of 7xxx series alloys (Al-Zn-Mg) were determined.
These alloys, particularly welded joints, are characterized by high strength properties but poor resistance to stress corrosion cracking as compared to the commonly used 5xxx series alloys (Al-Mg) [4,5].
Summary of mechanical properties of shipbuilding-intended aluminium alloys and their welded joints Mechanical properties Electrochemical properties Mean value of electrochemical potential Alloy / joint Vst [mV] againts Ag/AgCl TS YS El M HV 5 σ=0 σ =max MPa MPa % % MR-ES SP-ES SP-EB MR-ES SP-ES (EB) Base material 7020M w.507 422 362 14.6 25.6 114 -664 7020M w.635 406 347 14.4 27.6 109 -667 7020 310 240 131 104 -749 7050 372 351 13.3 25.6 124 -746 TIG joint made with SPA20 filler 7020M/w.507 380 341 4.8 25.6 111 (weld) -664 -653 -435 -550 -1072 SPA20 80 (HAZ) 7020M/w.635 369 340 6 27.6 107 (weld) -687 -654 -489 -620 -985 SPA20 80(HAZ) 7020 355 304 17 85 (weld) -749 -797 -769 -782 -890 SPA20 104 (HAZ) (-1016) 7050 SPA20 276 210 5.9 24.2 (weld) (HAZ) -746 -539 -729 -1211 -727 (-593) FSW joint 7020M/w.507 347 263 5.1 13 120 -677 -711 -604 -750 -913 TMAZ+ HAZ (-1028) 7020M/w.635 337 216 8.6 16 120 -664 -653 -435 -890

Table 4 Soil Engineering Parameters from other Settlement Model Settlement Model Parameters and Values Basis for parameter values Total settlement Soil mechanics based model (Sowers, 1973) Time (days) Compression ratio (Cc*) (m) t < 2 x 102 0.106 [9] 1.139 t = 2 x 102 - 2 x 103 0.184 t = 2 x 103 - 2 x 104 0.174 t = 2 x 102 - 2 x 103 0.163 Cα = 0.035 t1= 1 – 25 days [6] Bjarngard and Edgers model (Bjangard and Edgers, 1990) Cα1 = 0.035 Cα2 = 0.215 [2] 6.131 t1= 1 – 25 days t2’= 200 days Cc*= 0.106 Power creep function (Edil et al. 1990) M’ = 1.7 x 10-5/kPa
[6] 0.130 N’ = 0.50 Tr = 1 day Hyperbolic function (Ling et al., 1998) Rheological Model (Gibson and Lo, 1961) ρo = 0.001 m/day Sult = 1.140 m tc* = 1 month a = 0.0001 b’ = 0.00305 λ/b’ = 0.0009 [3] [10] [6] 0.198 0.882 Conclusion The settlement of the waste soil at open dumping area is very difficult to predict due to the heterogeneous content of the waste.
El-Fadel, S.