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Online since: June 2014
Authors: Biao Zhang, Xiu Li Liu
Theoretical Model and Data Sources
Input-output local closed model.
Data sources.
The decomposition results and data analysis The influence factors analysis of water consumption change at structure level.
In addition, the water strength decreases, the structure of production and final demand structure changes, lead to a reduction in water consumption.
A Regression Model Based on the Compositional Data of Beijing’s Water Consumed Structure and Industrial Structure[J].Systems Engineering,2008, 26(4):67- 71.
Data sources.
The decomposition results and data analysis The influence factors analysis of water consumption change at structure level.
In addition, the water strength decreases, the structure of production and final demand structure changes, lead to a reduction in water consumption.
A Regression Model Based on the Compositional Data of Beijing’s Water Consumed Structure and Industrial Structure[J].Systems Engineering,2008, 26(4):67- 71.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Ying Ying Wang, Deng Jia Wang, Yan Feng Liu
Considering the indoor temperature reduction should not be too large during intermittent heating break, it is recommended to adopt external insulation.
According to the Lhasa meteorological data, the sun radiation is strong during the daytime, and the daily temperature range (DTR) is bigger in winter, generally speaking, the daytime temperature is above 0℃.
The indoor temperature and heating load variation rules are influenced by outdoor meteorological data, room floor, orientation, building thermal performance, ventilated circumstance, indoor heat source, intermittent heating mode and so on.
The software’s accuracy has been validated by a lot of experimental data.
Considering the indoor temperature reduction should not be too big during the intermittent heating break, it is recommended to use external insulation.
According to the Lhasa meteorological data, the sun radiation is strong during the daytime, and the daily temperature range (DTR) is bigger in winter, generally speaking, the daytime temperature is above 0℃.
The indoor temperature and heating load variation rules are influenced by outdoor meteorological data, room floor, orientation, building thermal performance, ventilated circumstance, indoor heat source, intermittent heating mode and so on.
The software’s accuracy has been validated by a lot of experimental data.
Considering the indoor temperature reduction should not be too big during the intermittent heating break, it is recommended to use external insulation.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Shan Shan Wang, Xin Zhang
Data acquisition
Data acquisition is divided into contact acquisition and non-contact acquisition.
In fact, not all of the data points to play the role of model reconstruction, according to the number of measuring points and the regularity of the point cloud data, and can be divided into the scattered data points and rules of data points.
After the data acquisition, the collected data must to be processed.
This process includes waste point deletion, format conversion, point cloud data multi-view point cloud registration, point cloud filtering, data reduction and point cloud block etc.
Using the point cloud data modeling process, due to the massive data point exists, the storage and processing of the point cloud data has become a bottleneck can not be a breakthrough.
In fact, not all of the data points to play the role of model reconstruction, according to the number of measuring points and the regularity of the point cloud data, and can be divided into the scattered data points and rules of data points.
After the data acquisition, the collected data must to be processed.
This process includes waste point deletion, format conversion, point cloud data multi-view point cloud registration, point cloud filtering, data reduction and point cloud block etc.
Using the point cloud data modeling process, due to the massive data point exists, the storage and processing of the point cloud data has become a bottleneck can not be a breakthrough.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Ke Sun, Ke Sun, Zhao Ming Zheng, Xiao Yu Ding, Hong Wei Chen, Quan Yuan Jiang, Kai Xu
In the process of the elite reduction, we utilize the asynchronous grid strategy to filter particles since this strategy has lower computing complexity.
Currently in the traditional MOPSO algorithm, the diversity of the particles is maintained by the elitism reduction strategy, which mainly includes the crowding distance strategy, the niche strategy, the k-neighbor strategy, the grid strategy and so on [12].
For the shortage of these traditional elitism reduction strategies, ASU strategy is proposed to reduce the elitism scale.
The main improvements are described as the following three aspects: (1) Stepwise updated crowding distance strategy In the elitism reduction process, since the crowding distance of the particle changes with removing some particles, the stepwise updated crowding distance strategy is proposed to replace the method of removing the elitist solutions whose crowding distance is smaller than some value.
This method can meet the needs of the practical problems, but also take the impact of data fluctuation into account.
Currently in the traditional MOPSO algorithm, the diversity of the particles is maintained by the elitism reduction strategy, which mainly includes the crowding distance strategy, the niche strategy, the k-neighbor strategy, the grid strategy and so on [12].
For the shortage of these traditional elitism reduction strategies, ASU strategy is proposed to reduce the elitism scale.
The main improvements are described as the following three aspects: (1) Stepwise updated crowding distance strategy In the elitism reduction process, since the crowding distance of the particle changes with removing some particles, the stepwise updated crowding distance strategy is proposed to replace the method of removing the elitist solutions whose crowding distance is smaller than some value.
This method can meet the needs of the practical problems, but also take the impact of data fluctuation into account.
Reinforcement to Induce Ductile Behavior in an Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beam
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Sang Mook Han, Xiang Guo Wu
Compared to existing prestressed concrete structures, the UHPC structure has disadvantages including its unknown structural behavior, lack of sufficient experimental data, and high material cost, making it difficult to expand its application.3)
The structure, which reduces its height and weight using the 150MPa compression strength of UHPC, has various design advantages compared to HPC structures that have 40-50 MPa compression strength.
In the case of the F1 beam with the 1% steel fiber volume fraction, the F1S1 beam which has no ductility reinforcement bars showed the 8.4% reduction of the load carrying capacity after the peak load.
The behavior of F1.5 and F2 beams, in which the steel fiber volume fraction was 1.5% and 2%, showed the 5.4-12.8% reduction of the load carrying capacity compared to the peak load according to the types of bundle of re-bar for ductility.
If the UHPC beam has a ductile behavior that reduction of load carrying capacity after peak load is smaller than 15% of maximum load, the UHPC beam should have at least 0.7% fiber volume fraction ratio and the types of 3×3, 4×4, and 4×5 reinforcement bars for ductility.
The experimental results show that the UHPC girder which has at least 0.7% steel fiber volume fraction ratio and the minimum 1.6% reinforcement ratio of small diameter rebar for ductility has an ductile behavior that reduction of load carrying capacity after peak load is smaller than 15% of maximum load.
In the case of the F1 beam with the 1% steel fiber volume fraction, the F1S1 beam which has no ductility reinforcement bars showed the 8.4% reduction of the load carrying capacity after the peak load.
The behavior of F1.5 and F2 beams, in which the steel fiber volume fraction was 1.5% and 2%, showed the 5.4-12.8% reduction of the load carrying capacity compared to the peak load according to the types of bundle of re-bar for ductility.
If the UHPC beam has a ductile behavior that reduction of load carrying capacity after peak load is smaller than 15% of maximum load, the UHPC beam should have at least 0.7% fiber volume fraction ratio and the types of 3×3, 4×4, and 4×5 reinforcement bars for ductility.
The experimental results show that the UHPC girder which has at least 0.7% steel fiber volume fraction ratio and the minimum 1.6% reinforcement ratio of small diameter rebar for ductility has an ductile behavior that reduction of load carrying capacity after peak load is smaller than 15% of maximum load.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: Mirele Costa da Silva, A.C.F.M. Costa, Joelda Dantas, Normanda Lino de Freitas, N.C.O. Costa, D.S. Lira
A form of achieving this reduction is by using mills.
The determination of the present phases, the crystallization degree and the size of the crystallites for the prepared alumina samples were determined through the diffraction data.
Sample Code Median Diameter (µm) Time Milling (min) Al.NM 23.3 - Al.01 20.9 15 Al.02 15.5 30 Al.03 14.7 45 Al.04 10.5 60 Confronting the values from Table 3, it is observed a reduction in the median diameter of the agglomerate, from 10.3% for sample Al.01, 33.5% for sample Al.02, 36.9% for sample Al.03 and 54.9% for sample Al.04, when a rotation speed is fixed at 400 rpm and different milling time lengths.
Thus, it is observed that the milling time is directly proportional to the reduction of the agglomerate median diameter of alumina, in other words, increasing the time duration of the milling will also increase the percentage of reduction of the median diameter.
The milling with time length of 60 minutes obtained the most significant reduction, of 16.8%, of the average crystallite size in comparison with the other studied samples, which lead also to a more significant reduction, of 54.9%, of the average agglomerate size when compared to the other studied samples.
The determination of the present phases, the crystallization degree and the size of the crystallites for the prepared alumina samples were determined through the diffraction data.
Sample Code Median Diameter (µm) Time Milling (min) Al.NM 23.3 - Al.01 20.9 15 Al.02 15.5 30 Al.03 14.7 45 Al.04 10.5 60 Confronting the values from Table 3, it is observed a reduction in the median diameter of the agglomerate, from 10.3% for sample Al.01, 33.5% for sample Al.02, 36.9% for sample Al.03 and 54.9% for sample Al.04, when a rotation speed is fixed at 400 rpm and different milling time lengths.
Thus, it is observed that the milling time is directly proportional to the reduction of the agglomerate median diameter of alumina, in other words, increasing the time duration of the milling will also increase the percentage of reduction of the median diameter.
The milling with time length of 60 minutes obtained the most significant reduction, of 16.8%, of the average crystallite size in comparison with the other studied samples, which lead also to a more significant reduction, of 54.9%, of the average agglomerate size when compared to the other studied samples.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: E. Godoy, M. Geoffriault, D. Beauvois, G. Favennec
Analysis of the measured data thanks to LMS TestLab has revealed an emergence of vibration harmonics around 2000rpm, for a vibration frequency of 400Hz.
These control loops are fixed and must not be disturbed by the controller that will be dedicated to reduction of vibrations.
Mininger, "Réduction des vibrations des machines à réluctance variable à l'aide d'actionneur piézoélectriques," 2005. [6] D.
Hameyer, "Active reduction of audible noise exciting radial force-density waves in induction motors," in Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC), 2011 IEEE International, 2011
Favennec, "Active reduction of vibrations in synchronous motors," in Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 2013
These control loops are fixed and must not be disturbed by the controller that will be dedicated to reduction of vibrations.
Mininger, "Réduction des vibrations des machines à réluctance variable à l'aide d'actionneur piézoélectriques," 2005. [6] D.
Hameyer, "Active reduction of audible noise exciting radial force-density waves in induction motors," in Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC), 2011 IEEE International, 2011
Favennec, "Active reduction of vibrations in synchronous motors," in Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 2013
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Guo Hai Xiong, Xin Yun Liu
Reduction of Glitch Interference in FPGA Design
Guohai Xiong1,a, Xinyun Liu 2,b
1.
Design of circuit through using Gray code Gray code is characterized in that only one number between any two adjacent codes is different, which is helpful for code conversion and transmission, and reduction of fuzzy shape in the circuit from one state to the next state with very strong anti-interference ability.
If the glitch doesn’t satisfy the setup of data and hold time, it will not do harm to the system.
Design of circuit through using Gray code Gray code is characterized in that only one number between any two adjacent codes is different, which is helpful for code conversion and transmission, and reduction of fuzzy shape in the circuit from one state to the next state with very strong anti-interference ability.
If the glitch doesn’t satisfy the setup of data and hold time, it will not do harm to the system.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Piotr Kohut
Specially designed processing algorithms are capable of extracting important data like size, quantity, distance or 2D/3D coordinates in general.
A methodology for amplitude of vibration measurement and a software tool for modal analysis realization based on visual data were developed.
Vision data obtained from a CCD camera were processed in the developed frame-grabber module.
This vision data represented a control signal in the feedback control loop of the mechatronic active vibration control system.
In this area, results of measurement experiment of developed methods were applied as input data to the algorithm of estimation of modal parameters based on visual data.
A methodology for amplitude of vibration measurement and a software tool for modal analysis realization based on visual data were developed.
Vision data obtained from a CCD camera were processed in the developed frame-grabber module.
This vision data represented a control signal in the feedback control loop of the mechatronic active vibration control system.
In this area, results of measurement experiment of developed methods were applied as input data to the algorithm of estimation of modal parameters based on visual data.
Online since: March 2019
Authors: Hiroki Kobayashi, Masao Sakane, Takamoto Itoh, Ryohei Ohki
The significant creep void formation is not consistent Fig. 4 Void formation at grain boundary in the cubic specimen after crept for 1800 h
at sx = sy = sz = 98 MPa and 973 K
with little reduction in the rupture lifetime under biaxial stress states and the reason for this inconsistency should be studied in future.
The estimate of the creep rupture lifetimes by Eq. (1) is quite satisfactory except one datum which is overestimated.
It should be noted that the equation estimates that a little reduction in creep rupture lifetime in the biaxial stress states while a large reduction in triaxial stress states.
Material constants in the equation may vary in other materials and more accumulations of experimental data are needed to enhance the reliability and application range of Eq. (1).
The estimate of the creep rupture lifetimes by Eq. (1) is quite satisfactory except one datum which is overestimated.
It should be noted that the equation estimates that a little reduction in creep rupture lifetime in the biaxial stress states while a large reduction in triaxial stress states.
Material constants in the equation may vary in other materials and more accumulations of experimental data are needed to enhance the reliability and application range of Eq. (1).