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Because the change of microstructure is an important factor to control the physical and chemical properties of polycrystalline materials, the basic characteristics of normal grain growth process have been widely studied [1-3].
In this paper, the main factors affecting the crystallization grain growth of malleable AZ31 magnesium alloy are further studied.
The study of the factors affecting recrystallized grain size has great significance for practical engineering application.
Fig. 1 Relationship between K1, K2 and grain boundary properties: (a) the relationship between K1, K2 and grain boundary energy; (b) the relationship between K1, K2 and grain boundary range [3] Table 1 Values of K1 and K2 when the interface energy is different σgb [J/m2] 0.33 0.44 0.55 0.66 K1 [102J/mol] 2.35 3.53 4.12 5.89 K2 [10-12m2J/mol] 1.82 2.58 3.53 4.14 Simulation Result Analysis According to the parameters obtained in Table 1, they are put into the computer program to run.
The speed of grain boundary movement determines the grain growth rate, and the grain boundary energy is the decisive factor of grain boundary movement speed.

Time is not a significant factor for heat treatment.
Ni-Ti shape memory alloy can be applied to textiles for its peculiar shape memory effect and excellent mechanical properties.
The wire have uniformed appearance and mechanical property, however, the shape memory effect of the wire is not very significant for the Ni-Ti atoms were not form stable crystals.
When the treatment temperature is 500˚C, the surface structure got severely damaged, and this may affect the mechanical properties of the wire.
However, time is not a significant factor for the surface damage in heat treatment.

The influence of some ingredient concentrations such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) ratio, DCP/S, CBS/DPG accelerator, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (EPDM-g-AM) and cord surface on mechanical, thermal aging properties and adhesion between rubber compounds and cord have been investigated [25].
Response surfaces of dependencies: a – Т = f(hk, n); b – Т = f(RC, n); c – Т = f(RC, hk) It has been determined that the dominant factors affecting the torque value were the rotation frequency of operating element n and material lifting height h, as well as bending radius of flexible screw hinge-pan operating element RC which significantly influenced the transportation process power parameters.
It has been defined that the dominant factor affecting the efficiency value was the operating element rotation frequency n, and the least influential was the casing diameter, however the value of the passage fill factor ψ significantly affected the transportation process effectiveness.
[8] V.Aulin et al., Influence of rheological properties of a soil layer adjacent to the working body cutting element on the mechanism of soil cultivation, Acta Technologica Agriculture. 21(4) (2018) 153-159.
Liem, et al., EPDM/SBR Blends for Skim Compound of Steel Cord Conveyor Belt: Mechanical Properties, Thermal Stability and Adhesion Level, Key Engineering Materials. 889 (2021) 135-143.

Moreover, its mechanical properties allow to sustain the arterial wall and to prevent the elastic recoil of the vessel after stent expansion.
The model is implemented into a FE framework using the commercial code ABAQUS/Explicit (Dassault Systemes Simulia Corp., RI, USA) by means of a user subroutine (VUSDFLD) devoted to the calculation of the damage increment through the evolution law affecting the updated stress state in the explicit time integration scheme.
This stress threshold is highly related to the following concurrent factors: the material composition, the metallurgical conditions and the corrosive environment; in literature a wide range for the stress threshold has been reported (from 30% of the yield stress to 90% of the ultimate tensile stress).
Results From the results of these experimental campaign, summarized in Table 1, ZM21 turned out to have the highest strain at break; moreover, it has comparable mechanical properties to Mg alloy WE43 used for the stent under clinical trial.
Table 1: Mechanical properties of the available alloys obtained from uniaxial tensile testing.

We have analyzed and compared the expanding length and velocity of main fissure’s point and dynamic intensity factors between the holes of ordinary blasting and water-jet slotting; and discussed the dynamic effects of slotting blasting.
So optical properties of materials changes.
When a bunch of parallel beam vertically irradiates in materials, because of the crack tip causing changed optical properties through the test specimen in another side of light forms caustics spot,which can capture by high-speed photography instrument (Fig1).
Test specimens’ stress can reveal by contrast analysis of the focal speckle .Caustics line method is by measuring the change of the optical properties of solid materials appeared to intuitive distribution of stress in solid state.
Considering interference factors, conclusion can draw.

In fluid drive system, instability will happen in the influence of load when fluid drive clinder runs in low velocity, which will affect the system’s stability and reliability.
Simulation model of hydraulic clinder performance Fig8. curve of hydraulic clinder As shown in Fig.8, we can easily figure out the factors such as friction, Viscous damping coefficient, compressibility coefficient, leakage coefficient ,which can effect features of curve of hydraulic clinders.
In order to verify the mechanism of vibration caused by the coupling force, and investigate the law of influence on low speed characteristics of hydraulic cylinder affected by different essential factors, a variety of dynamic testing for hydraulic cylinders have been conducted including displacement, velocity, acceleration tests based on Hydraulic Test Stand shown as fig.9.
Results and Discussion From the perspective of nonlinear dynamicsandnonlinear dynamic test, the reasons why hydraulic clinder creeps in low velocity are verified that is the combined result caused by many factors in specific working state such as jump phenomenon, self - excited vibration, etc.
China's mechanical engineering ,19(24):2930-2933.Vol.19(2008),p.2930

Uniform and transparent ITO films were deposited onto quartz optical fibers through a sol-gel process, and the properties of the ITO films coated quartz optical fibers were investigated.
Good adhesion between ITO films and the surface of quartz optical fibers was achieved, and factors affecting the morphology, structure, and properties of the deposited ITO films were also discussed.
The morphology, resistivity and transmittance in visible region of ITO films under thermal shock and mechanical vibration condition were discussed to analyze the bonding strength between ITO films and the surface of quartz optical fibers.
The optical and electrical properties of treated ITO films.
(a) (b) Fig.7 Properties of ITO films with different treatment: (a) resistivity with measure distance and (b) transmittance in visible region.

Using common borosilicate glass capillary as experimental material, the affecting parameters of micro channel inner diameter, outer diameter, thickness and functional unit key parameter are tested, such as heating voltage, heating time, pulling velocity, pulling displacement and inner pressure.
The key parameter of D is controlled by heating voltage and pressure difference inside and outside. 3.3 Single factor experiment of cylindrical micro-channel The VBMCFD performance is decided by glass micro machining properties and glass capillary movement characteristics.
Should be caused by the nonlinearity of glass material viscosity-temperature properties and surface tension, but softened glass material is too little, so as to no significant nonlinear.
Because the softened glass material is little and the temperature drops, the micro-channel inner and outer diameter dropped sharply to shrinkage fracture. 3.4 Single factor experiments of functional unit Considering the influence factors of glass micro-channel wall thickness, less softening material, molding control difficulty under high temperature and so on, the heating voltage is selected 4V to extend the heating time.
Conclusions (1) Based on the properties of glass softening and forming, the fabricating process of vitreous bionic micro channel is proposed.

Hence, adequate modelling of vertical lift performance is required to predict the pressure drop and subsequently the wellbore pressure because many factors are involved [1].
The production system in an oil or gas field consists of several components where pressure losses may occur, thus affecting the well performance in terms of production rate [4].
It can also be used for analysing how factors such as reservoir pressure, rock properties, fluid properties, well flowing pressure, well geometry, well depth, water cut, restrictions and tubing diameter affect the production rate.
Adjustment factors for the correlation were estimated by comparing the values predicted by the correlation and measured laboratory data that minimized the overall difference.
Table 3: PVT match correlation result Properties Match Correlation Bubble point Standings Solution GOR Standings Oil FVF Standings Oil Viscosity Petrosky et al.

Joint spacing is one of the significant factors affecting the rock fragmentation by TBM cutters.
Introduction Joints factors, such as joint orientation, joint spacing, and joint strength, etc., have a great effect on rock fragmentation by TBM cutters.
Particularly for the factor of joint spacing, many researches have been conducted by field observations, lab testing and numerical modelling.
The researches reviewed above have illustrated that the joint spacing is an important factor to TBM penetration rate.
In the test, two kinds of concrete with different strength are adopted to simulate rock sample, and the physical and mechanical properties of the rock sample are listed in Table 1.