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Enhance Cellulose Film Production from Oil Palm Trunk under NaOH/Urea Solution at Low Temperature Nantharat Phruksaphithak1,a*, Nophadon Goomuang1,b, Nattawut Jaema1,c 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand anantharat@tsu.ac.th, bNophadon2806@hotmail.com, cleesew11@gmail.com Keywords: Cellulose film.
The FTIR spectrum of cellulose and cellulose film is presented in Fig. 2 to investigate the change in the chemical structure.
When the FTIR spectrum of cellulose film from conditions X and Y was observed, there was the same wavenumber with cellulose, indicating that the chemical structure of the cellulose film had a minor change during the dissolution and film formulation.
Because water molecules can enter the intermediate region cellulose molecules break hydrogen bonding in the crystalline region and convert the crystalline region into an amorphous structure[11].
We would also like to thank the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung campus for chemical suggestions and their great support too.

BiFeO3 crystallizes in a hexagonal structure with the lattice constant of ahex = bhex = 5.57973, chex = 13.87208, and with a space group of R3c [3].
The phase structure of BiFeO3 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Bruker D8 Advance) using CuKα (1.5406 Å) radiation source with 2θ angles ranging from 20° to 80°.Chemical bonding of BiFeO3 was characterized by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Thermo Fisher).
The patterns confirmed BFO1 to BFO6 that had the rhombohedral structure with space group R3c.
[3] Izabela Sosnowska, Masaki Azuma, Radoslaw Przneioslo, Dariusz Wardecki, Wei-tin Chen, Kengo Oka, and Yuichi Shimakawa, Inorganic Chemistry 52, 13269 (2013)
Selbach, Mari-Ann Einarsrud, and Tor Grande, Chemistry of Materials 21, 169 (2009)

Synthesis of 2, 6-Deoxyfructosazine and its Decomposition of Incense Flavor in Tobacco Smoke Shu Long1,a, Zhong Cao1,b,*, Yan-Ling Li2, Hua-Wu Yang2, Ji-Shan Li3 and Jian-Nan Xiang1,3,c,* 1 Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, P.
China 2 Technology Center of Changsha Cigarette Factory, Basha Group, Ltd., Changsha 410007 3 State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.
The structure of 2, 6-DOF is schematically shown in Fig. 1.
Structure of 2,6-deoxyfructosazine (1).
The structure of the compound 1 was confirmed by using HRMS, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR.

Mohammed Yahya1,a, Jeyashelly Andas2,b and Zaidi Ab Ghani3,c 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2,3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia asafwatyahya@ymail.com, bdrshelly@perlis.uitm.edu.my, czaidi433@perlis.uitm.edu.my Keywords: Activated carbon, porous, Cyrtosperma chamissonis, impregnation, single step Abstract.
Introduction Activated carbon is defined as an amorphous-carbon based materials with properties of thermo-stability, high performance, high adsorptive effect, large surface area and well-developed porous structure [1].
Thus, accessible pore structure was created after the removal of the acid.
By increasing impregnation temperature, the interior channel of the botanic structure of the precursor was swollen which provides high accessibility for the H3PO4 to react.

The structures of SAMs and titanium film were characterized in the contact mode by a nanoscope IIIa AFM(DI company).
If ultraviolet radiation/ozone photochemical process was performed for 15 min, the SAMs surface is rougher than that of 5 min radiation because the SAMs molecular structure is destroyed by a long radiation time.
As the radiation time increasing, the molecular chain is consumed and the SAMs molecular structure is destroyed, which makes the friction force become large.
Israelachvili: Journal of Physical Chemistry B Vol. 110 (2006), p. 22271-22278 [7] E.
Borguet: Journal of Physical Chemistry B Vol. 109 (2005), p. 9927-9938

This situation is paired with the irregulates of the seabed structure would need to be further examined.
Failure in GFRP tubular structures will result in loss of productivity and operational safety
Shen, "A filament-wound structure technology overview," Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 96-100, 1995/11/15/ 1995
London: Composite Materials in Maritime Structures: Volume 2, Practical Considerations, 1991
Damage due to static and impact loads," Composite Structures, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 37-45, 1992/01/01/ 1992

This effect is more evident when Al content exceeds 15 at. % as no porous structure can be formed in this condition.
As shown in Fig. 4(c), the nanoporous structure is destroyed by the diffusion of the noble element, the internal porous structure is disappeared.
When given enough reaction time, the diffusion of noble element would coarsen the surface due to a higher surface energy of nanoporous structure and lead to the elimination of nanoporous structure [12,21].
Too short of dealloying time would be insufficient for the formation of nanoporous structure while an over extended processing time would lead to the destruction of nanoporous structure.
The dealloying time also plays an important role in dealloying process as insufficient dealloying time cannot lead to the nanoporous structure while the overextended dealloying time will cause the destruction of nanoporous structure.

The results show that the prepared hydrogel fibers have obvious double layer structure with different porous structures.
Compared with the conventional stimuli-responsive hydrogels with homogeneous structure, the hydrogels with inhomogeneous structure can achieve some complex motions such as bending, twisting and folding.
In addition, the non-uniform porous structure was ascribed to the PNIPAM/CA semi-IPN structures, in which linear PNIPAM chains were interpenetrated in the network CA hydrogel network through the physical entanglement.
Due to this particular structure, the bilayer hydrogel fibers are capable of bending in response to temperature.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2014, 2 (37), 15633-15639

Carlos, Brazil, 4 Chemistry Institute of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 5 Research and Development Center Leopoldo A.
HA powder with small particle size incorporates in its structure more water and carbonate ions than HA prepared in normal conditions.
Mass spectrometry (MS) measured the carbonate and water associated to the HA structure.
The incorporation of these impurities into HA structure probably perturbs the OH -1 and the PO43- vibrational modes.
However, both crystalline and amorphous phases have the same local structure.

aswduo@126.com, btingzhi2004@aliyun.com Keywords: ZnS films; different thicknesses; optical properties; structure; CBD.
From the sides of glass substrates back to the solution center, the (111) reflection of the sphalerite structure can be observed at about 2θ=29.1°, while from the other side toward the solution center showed no significant peak.
As is showed in Fig.3, the ZnS thin films from the sides of glass substrates back to the solution center have one significant peak at about 2θ=29.1°which can be assigned to the (111) reflection of the sphalerite structure, while the ZnS thin films from the other sides of glass substrates toward the solution center have no obvious peaks.
The ZnS thin films from the sides of glass substrates back to the solution center have one significant peak at about 2θ=29.1°which can be assigned to the (111) reflection of the sphalerite structure.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 73(2012) 573-578.