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C Si Mn P S Sol.Al 0.15 0.01 - 1.6 2.2 0.01 0.003 0.04 Fig.1 Schematic illustration of heat treatment simulated for continuous galvanizing line.
It is well known that Si addition inhibits the formation of cementite during 1073K-120s 793K 733K 10K/s 400 600 800 1000 1200 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 Si content /mass% YS,TS /MPa 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0Yield ratio ◆YS ■TS △YR 0 10 20 30 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 Si content /mass% T.El,U.El /% 12000 16000 20000 24000 TS*T.El /MPa% ◆T.El ■U.El △TS*T.El Fig.2 Effect of Si content on tensile properties.

Alloy compositions Alloy Al Si Fe Mg Mn Ti Sr [%] [ppm] A356 Rem. 7.0 0.15 0.37 <0.01 0.10 80 RevolutionAl™ Rem. 6.9 0.15 0.51 0.27 0.10 114 Trials were performed at the Centre de Métallurgie du Québec on their Kurtz low pressure machine, type AL 7 - 5 TC, using a step mould as presented in Figure 1.
In Figure 6, UTS refers to Ultimate Tensile Strength, YS to Yield Strength and El to uniaxial elongation.
Similar observation was made by Langlais and al. on A356 processed with SEED [13].
Kaufman, E.L.
Belov et al., Effect of Fillets on Heat Transfer in a Rheocast Aluminium Heatsink, 2016

Jianming Lan et al.[11] have reported that the average value of absorption cross section in Yb:YVO4 crystal is 1.5×10-20 cm2, and the maximun value(5% Yb-doped Yb:YVO4 crystal ) on 985 nm is 2.92×10-20 cm2 while the maximun value on 985 nm is 1.45×10-20 cm2.
Mullica, E.L.
Mullica, E.L.
Mullica, E.L.
Vol. 29(6) (1993), p. 1457 [10] GiesenA, HugelH, VossA, et al: APPI.Phs.B.

Surface Modification Effects on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Titanium Alloys Ahmed Zaki1,a, Shimaa El-Hadad1,b,*, Waleed Khalifa2,c 1Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, P.O.
Molinari et al [6] pointed to the poor tribological properties of Ti-alloys which limited their use in many applications.
This is in agrement with Sugahara et al [11] where the widmanstätten structure was more resistant to oxidation than the equiaxed one in Ti64.
[8] El-Hadad, S., Waly, M., Khalifa, W
[9] Zaki, A., El-Hadad, S., Khalifa, W.

Achmus et al. [10] performed a 3D numerical analysis to evaluate the loading capacity of suction caissons in sand using Abaqus FE software [9].
Bagheri et al. [12] presented the findings of three-dimensional finite element simulations of OWT suction caisson foundations.
The calibration of the FE model on PLAXIS was performed based on physical experimental laboratory testing reported by El-Sherbiny [18].
Fig. 3: Comparison of axial load – deflection behavior for numerical model validated by experimental testing results from El-Sherbiny [18].
El-Sherbiny, “Performance of Suction Caisson Anchors in Normally Consolidated Clay,” Ph.D.

This value equals a previous result obtained in China's Loess Plateau based on data from 60 meteorological stations (R2 = 0.85) (Xin et al., 2011).
This pattern may be consistent with El Niño/La Niña episodes.
For example, a series of extreme rainfall events occurred in 1984 under the influence of El Niño episodes, based on the historical El Nino/La Nina episodes from 1950 to 2012 by NOAA.
Both 1984 and 2000 were associated with the El Niño phenomenon, which caused extreme rainstorms.
These appear to be associated with large-scale climate phenomena such as El Niño.

Theoretical and experimental investigation by El-sebaii et al. [12], it is observed that on double pass V-corrugated plate solar air heater performed better compared to double pass finned plate solar air heater and increased mass flow rate resulted in increased thermohydraulic efficiency.
Tiwari et al. [28] analysed crop drying cum water heater.
El-Sebaii, S.
El-Sebaii, M.R.I.
El-Gohary, Parametric study of a solar air heater with and without thermal storage for solar drying applications, Renewable Energy. 21 (3–4) (2000) 505-522

Laurens et al. [5].
Labudovic et al. [8] and Yu-Chi Lin et al. [9] describe the mechanisms of nitrides formation during GTA melting of titanium alloy.
In conclusion the three proposed mechanisms of nitrides formation in the titanium matrix for different thermal conditions related to the heat input (EL) may be illustrated as in Fig. 5.
Labudovic et al. [8].
Labudovic et al., for GTA nitriding, Hanjiang Yu et al. for laser and plasma nitriding and Y.L.

References [1] El-Sayed, M.
[4] Moussa, M.N.H., El-Far, A.A., El-Shafei, A.A. (2007), Materials Chemistry and Physics, No. 105, p 105
[7] Xu, Q-J, Zhou G-D., Lu, Z., et al., (2001), Acta Chimica sinica, Vol.59 No. 6, p 950
[8] Xu, Q-J, Zhou G-D., Lu, Z., et al., (2000), Acta Chimica sinica, Vol.58 No. 9, p 1079
[9] Xu, Q-J, Zhou, G-D, Wang, H-F., et al., (2006), Electrochemistry, Vol.12 No. 1, p 65

It is clear that Ti3AC2 (A=Al, Si, Sn) are metal compounds.
Table 1 Calculated lattice parameters of Ti3AC2(A=Al, Si, Sn) by GGA Result A a/nm c/nm V/nm3 zTi zC Experiment Al 0.3075 1.8578 0.15213 0.1280 0.5640 Si 0.3068 1.7669 0.14403 0.1350 0.5675 Sn 0.3137 1.8650 0.15894 0.1204 0.5720 Calculation Al 0.3078 1.8669 0.15318 0.1267 0.5693 Si 0.3068 1.7760 0.14477 0.1346 0.5722 Sn 0.3144 1.8718 0.16019 0.1244 0.5683 Fig.1 The TDOS and PDOS for Ti3AC2 (A=Al, Si, Sn) by GGA.
Table 2: Mulliken atomic population of Ti3AC2(A=Al, Si, Sn).
El-Raghy.
El-Raghy.