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With this emerging technology, it is possible for the first time to rapidly deposit thin or very thick layers (mm to cm+) of a wide range of metals, and even some composite materials, without melting or vaporization, at or near room temperature, in an ambient air environment.
Introduction Cold spray [1-7] is a new coating method for the deposition of metal, alloy, polymer, or composite powder material onto various substrates.
The cold spray process was developed in the mid-1980s at the Institute for Theoretical and Applied mechanics of the Russian Academy of Science in Novosibirsk.
As shown in the figure, the distinguishing feature of the cold spray is the ability to produce coatings with the jet temperature range between 0 and 700͠, which is always lower than the melting point for the candidate powder and substrate materials.
(1) Coating characteristics � High dencity, high hardness, cold-worked microstructure � Avoid oxidation and undesirable phaase � High thermal/electorical conductivity � Retain properties of initial particle materials (2) Maaterials � Thermally sensitive materials � Powers with a perticle daiameter: 5-15Ǵm(1-50Ǵ m) (3) Prosess � Short standoff distance � High productivity due to high powder feed rete � High deposition rate and efficiencies for many materials, to deposit rapidly thin or very thick layers (mm to cm+) of a wide range of metals, and even some composite materials � Collect ion and reuse of particles (powder utilization up to 100%with recycling Fig.5 Cross sectional SEM structure of cold sparayed copper coating,(a)upper area , (b)lower area, with nitrogen at stagnation gas tempareture of 370͠ and pressure at 2.7MPa, copper powder 4-20Ǵm, spray distance 20mm

Journal Citation (to be inserted by the publisher) Copyright by Trans Tech Publications Improvement of Strength in Porous Ceramics by Control of Additives Kee Sung Lee, In Sub Han, Doo Won Seo and Sang Kuk Woo Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, 305-345, Korea Keywords : Porous Ceramics, SiC Hot Gas Filter, ZrO2 Anode, SOFC, Strength Abstract.
As the porous anode-supported cells have been studied for an intermediate temperature SOFC (500∼800 o C), high performance of anode materials is required.
The porosities of the porous materials were calculated using the Archimedes method.
We examined the fractured surface on two materials, NiO-8mol%YSZ and NiO-10mol% YSZ, by SEM as shown in Fig. 5.
Kang: Sintering: Densification, Grain Growth and Microstructure (Science and Culture Co., Korea 1997).

The laser micromachining is the process that omits small energy pulse laser beam on the surface of the workpiece and removes the material from the surface.
Because of the thermal process of the laser, the material melts and vaporizes away.
Then, it forms a crater on the surface around spatter of melting material, as shown in Fig.1.
Changsha Telecommunications Technology College Journal, 2010.9 (3): 22-25
[5] M.Kiyak,Q.Cakir.Examination of machining parameters on surface roughness in EDM of tool steel.Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2007,191(1-3):141-144P.

Material and Method Test Material.
In addition to the differences on protein content, there are also differences on wheat grain shape, grain color, grain weight and many other characteristics between these materials.
These materials have better differentiation and representation.
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 22 (2006) 366-371
Journal Infrared Millim.

And the questions are all worth being thought. ⅠThe development of philosophy of technology and distance education Distance education refers to the teachers and students in the separation condition using radio, television, written materials, audio-visual materials, computer courseware, network and other media to implement the education.
Take seven core journals in CSSCI of distance education " Electrochemical Education Research" " China Audio-visual Education ", " Open Education Research ", "Modern Education Technology", "Modern Distance Education", " Remote Education Magazine ", " Modern Distance Education Research ", as example, Seven core journals published 1582 papers in 2011 and teachers of TV university system has published 116 papers, accounting for more than 7.3% (see chart 1).
Table 1 The statistics of 2011 RTUV system paper published on core journals of distance education* Journal name Annual number (published papers) Number of RTUV system (published papers) ratio remark Electrochemical Education Research 284 8 2.8% 2011 China Audio-visual Education 373 21 5.6% Open Education Research 123 22 17.9% Modern Education Technology 438 8 1.8% Modern Distance Education 113 30 26.5% Remote Education Magazine 151 10 6.6% Modern Distance Education Research 100 17 17.0% * This form of data from Hownet periodical data query statistics in 2011 The mainly reasons cause the present situation of RTUV system teachers' research ability and level include the following: The first is historical reasons.
The two aspects of teachers are lack of professional knowledge and research ability, this also reflected in the curriculum teaching material update, there are such outstanding problems are cycle is long, content is old etc.
In addition except the special study, teacher needs to research students, teaching materials, and reflect on their teaching.

This area depends on the width, thickness of the winding and height position over the substrate material [19, 20].
The permittivity of these dielectric materials is presented in Table 2.
Several dielectric materials Material Permittivity (value of K) Si3N4 7 SiO2 4 SiOC 2.5 Fig. 17.
Quality factor of the transformer versus frequency with regard to the variation of the dielectric material E.
Kim, Analytical optimization of high-performance and high-yield spiral inductor in integrated passive device technology, Microelectronics Journal, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 176-181, March, 2012

Material and Experiment The 9CrNB steel was used as an experimental material, from which hot-rolled tubes were produced with dimensions of 88.9 × 12.5 mm.
Kim, Comparison of Various 9-12%Cr Steels Under Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Loadings at High Temperature, Materials Science Engineering A 528 (2011) 6934-6945
Leen, Fatigue Damage Characterisation of MarBN Steel for High Temperature Flexible Operating Conditions, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I, Journal Materials: Design and Applications 231, 1-2 (2017) 23-37
Brziak, Optimalization of tempering temperature of 9CrNB steel in Železiarne Podbrezová Steelworks, Materials Science Forum 891 (2017) 137-142.
Abe, Precipitate Design for Creep Strengthening of 9% Cr Tempered Martensitic Steel for Ultra-Supercritical Power Plants, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 9 (2008) 013002, (15 pp).

Application of natural zeolites for aquatic and air medium purification (2014) Applied Mechanics and Materials, pp. 565-572
Sciences E.V.
Problems and solutions: materials Intern. acad. readings.
Materials Intern. scientific-tehn. conf.
-phys. journal. №2. 1972, pp. 242-247

Knowledge system includes a code for machine tools, materials and cutting tools (Fig. 3).
The code list of materials provides registration of the basic parameters of used workpiece material.
It represents a set of activities aimed at development of production documentation and documents for material support process (materials, machinery, tools and jigs).
Krenický, Impact of lubrication interval to operating status of bearing, Applied Mechanics and Materials 616 (2014) 151-158
Hatala, Programming CNC Machines using CAM Software, Advanced Science Letters 19/2 (2013) 369-373

A significant disadvantage of stone materials is their fragility.
Conf. on Building Materials «IBAUSIL», Weimar, Germany, 2003, pp. 0523-0530
Nikolya, Using redispersible powders «Rhoximat» in dry mixes production, Construction materials. 5 (2000) 8-9
Saccani, Premix polymer-cement materials: workability, setting time and mechanical strength as influenced by epoxy resins, in: Proceedings of 15th Conference on Silicate Industry and Silicate Science, Budapest, Hungary, 1989, pp. 328–333
Jalali, Eco-efficient Construction and Building Materials. 5 (2011) 75–129