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That condition has limited the use of AISI 316L SS in those applications where the wear resistance is the main characteristic demanded to the materials. [10].
Materials and Methods. 2.1 Boriding process.
References [1] Shih-Hang Chang, Bor-Yann Chen, Yung-Chih Lin, Toxicity assessment of three-component Fe–Cr–Ni biomedical materials using an augmented simplex design, Materials Science and Engineering C 32 (2012) 1893–1896
William (Ed.), Biocompatibility of Clinical Implant Materials, I, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1981, pp. 45–48
Carrera-Espinoza, “Effect of Relative Humidity on the Tribological Properties of Self-Lubricating H3BO3 Films Formed on the Surface of Steel Suitable for Biomedical Applications”, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 2015, (2015) pp. 1-9

Vehicle weight reduction is primarily achieved by rational design of the structure, the useness of lightweight materials, and active use of lightweight processes.
The second is to optimize the design of materials, with low-density materials to replace steel material.
In addition to magnesium alloys and other materials used less, application of composite materials in the field of China's auto parts is less, and about which some people have vague understanding and a lot of people do not quite understand the concept of composite.
New materials are in many product categories , are strong alternative.
Lightweight design of automobile component using high strength steel based on dent resistance[J].Materials & Design.

Alexandrov 2, c 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P.R.
It is also pointed out in the literature that SPD techniques have the advantage of producing bulk ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials free of porosity [14].
On the other hand, Valiev et al [1] proposed that the feasibility of HPT at elevated temperatures during materials processing is of great importance for the development of industrial methods for grain size refinement by SPD.
Alexandrov: International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials Vol. 21(2003), p.69 [2] R.Z.
Dowding: Ultrafine-grained tungsten produced by SPD techniques, Ultrafine Grained Materials II, TMS (The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society), 2002, p. 199 [4] I.V.

Hardy2c, C.M.F Rae1d 1 Rolls-Royce UTC, Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS UK 2 Rolls-Royce plc., Derby DE24 8BJ, England 3 Currently - Linköping University, Campus Valla, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden aomdmm2@cam.ac.uk, bsvjetlana.stekovic@liu.se, cmark.hardy@rolls-royce.com dcr18@cam.ac.uk Keywords: Nickel-based superalloy, RR1000, TMF, EBSD, Slip traces analysis, Fatigue crack propagation.
An understanding of the basic physics of damage, coupled with the developing computing power exemplified by Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME), offers the opportunity to understand, predict and design components to match complexity of real systems.
Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge the EPSRC, Grant number EP/H022309/1, EP/H500375/1 and Rolls-Royce plc. under the TSB project ’Siloet’ TP NUMBER: AB266C/4 for funding and the Prof Lindsay Greer of the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge for provision of facilities.
Annual Review of Materials Science, 32:113–140, 2002
The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 61(2):42–48, 2009

Laaneots3,c 1,2 Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia 3 Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia a alexander.ryabchikov@emu.ee, bharri.lille@emu.ee, claaneots@staff.ttu.ee Keywords: uncertainty of measurement, residual stress, strip substrate, wire substrate, coating, longitudinal deformation Abstract.
Copper and brass was used as the material of the substrate.
Senderoff: Journal of Res.
Greving: Journal of Thermal Spray Techn.
Grant: NPL Report MATC(MN)020 (2002) http://www.npl.co.uk/materials/residualstress/publications.html [16] J.

Therefore, the alloys have great prospect as the high strength and wear-resistant materials [4].
Kalish, Age hardening in Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy, Metallurgical& Materials Transactions A.9A(1978)577-586
Effects of doped elements on the celluar precipitation in Cu-10Ni-8Sn alloy, Materials Transaction, JIM. 35(1994)313-318
Hu, et al., Effect of extrusion on microstructure and properties of a submicron crystalline Cu-5wt%Cr alloy, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 208(2008) 205-210
Gust, Discontinuous reaction in solids, International Materials Reviews. 46(2001)53-91

So, the reinforcement of stone bending beam with CFRP have well effect. 1 Introduction Compared to other building materials, stone materials has less environment-sensitive and thus saved more rich and complete historical information.
But in long years, due to their own materials degradation and the environment influence, fracture of the stone relics, weathering and other damages are quite serious.
Currently, Carbon fiber material is the most emerging materials in structure reinforcement.
Tab.1 Mechanics parameter of the stone beam material Elastic modulus /MPa Flexural strength /MPa Compressive strength /MPa Specific gravity /kN/m3 stone 0.72×105 20.5 236.2 23.5 CFRP is chose UCP-200 and UCP-300 which produced by the Juhan Company in Taiwan, and also supporting the resins materials GEP580 and GEP600.
ACI Materials Journal, 2002,(2): 129~137

Materials with ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure possess high long-range areas of grain boundaries and temperatures for occurrence of grain boundary sliding in case of UFG materials are much lower than in traditional microcrystalline (MC) materials [1 - 3].
Tsenev, The low temperature superplasticity of metallic materials, Doklady AN SSSR. 301 (1988) 864-866.
Kaibyshev, Development of Ti-6Al-4V sheet with low temperature superplastic properties, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 116 (2001) 265 – 268
Comley, Lowering the heat – the development of reduced SPF temperature titanium alloys for aircraft production, Materials Science Forum. 447-448 (2004) 233-238
Safiullin, Average size of grains in the VT6 titanium alloy and the choice of the rational scheme for the integral process of superplastic forming/welding under pressure, Advanced Materials. 6 (2005) 79–85.

Introduction A composite is a complex solid material, made by combining two or more dissimilar materials in such a way that the resulting material is endowed with some superior and improved properties [1].
Composite materials are light weight, high strength to weight ratio and good stiffness property.
Materials 2.1 Banana Fiber: Banana fiber (Musaceae family) is bast fibertype, is extracted from the bark of banana tree.
In accordance with American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) method D256 to measure impact properties thickness 5mm, width 12.7mm and length 65mm [13]. 4.
Journal of Reinf Plast Composites (2007); 26:629–38

Thanks to the full play of material properties, the U-shaped steel–concrete composite beam has many advantages of the ordinary steel-concrete composite beams and steel reinforced concrete composite beams [1-3].
Yu, Investigation and Application of Steel and Concrete Composite Beams in Our Country [J], Civil Engineering Journal, 1999(2)
Nie, Experiment, Theory and Application of Steel and Concrete Composite Structure [M], Beijing: Science Press, 2005
Flexural Strength of Profiled Beams[J].Journal of Structure Engineering，ASEC, 1994，120(2):378－398
Cao, Experimental Investigation and the Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Light Steel Concrete Composite Beams, Journal of Building Structures, 2003，24(1)：26-33