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Online since: May 2023
Authors: Nikolay G. Razumov, Tagir Y. Makhmutov, Anatoly A. Popovich, Artem Kim
The phase diagram was calculated using the CALPHAD method using the Thermo-Calc software package for thermodynamic calculations based on the data for high-entropy alloys TCHEA4 in console mode.
The reduction of hafnium-zirconium oxide in the studied systems is possible only due to the formation of carbon monoxide at temperatures above 2000 °C.
XRD (a) and microstructure patterns of (TiZrHfTaNb)C HEC sintered at various temperatures: (b) 1600 °C, (c) 1800 °C, (d) 2000 °C Experimental data obtained during the synthesis of HEC (TiZrHfTaNb)C indicate four main stages: 1 - degassing and vacuuming, 2 - preliminary sintering, 3 - chemical interaction of HEA–carbon and the formation of carbide, 4 - compaction under the pressure of 50 MPa with homogenization at 5 minutes (Fig. 3a-c).
Comparison of the phase composition, microstructure, and chemical homogeneity of samples with thermomechanical data obtained during the synthesis of HEC supports the conclusion that the stage of chemical interaction and redox reactions (stage 3) begins at a temperature of 1500–1540 °C and ends/is close to completion when the temperature reaches 1950–2000 °C.
Analysis of thermomechanical data showed that HEC forms in stages, and the formation of a single-phase and homogeneous HEC is possible with an increase in the sintering temperature to 2000 °C.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: You Ming Diao, Ze Wang, Li Ren
In recent years, some research is launched for energy-saving and emission reduction.
Zhang[2] calculated the emissions of carbon of the fishing boats in China based on statistical data and actual research results.
Ren[5] analyzed and estimated the general influence on the energy-saving, load-decreasing of the auxiliary equipments, life span-increasing and emission reduction by using the sail-assisted system of large sail-assisted ship.
When GHG emission is quantified, based on the corresponding data in the assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), the amount of each GHG is converted into carbon dioxide equivalent CO2e by global warming potential (GWP).
Consider a variety of GHG sources, GHG emission can be described as: (4) Where, is the type of GHG sources. is the GHG activity data, includes the consumption of energy, fuel and electricity. and is the emission factor corresponding to GHG activity data.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Chun Rong Wang, Zhu Fa Zhou, Yan Jie Li, Ran Ran Tian, Xiao Chun Dai
The thickness of Ag shell can be tunable by changing reaction conditions, such as the concentration of AgNO3, reduction reaction rate.
Diffraction peaks of crystalline phases were compared with those of standard compounds reported in the JCPDS Data File.
Reduction reaction rate of Ag+ with HCHO as a reducing agent is the key to the growth of Ag shell.
Further growth of Ag shell can be promoted by a slow reduction.
The thickness of Ag layer can be tunable by changing reaction conditions, such as the concentration of AgNO3, reduction reaction rate
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Jariah Mohd Juoi, Zaleha Mustafa, Nur Fashiha Sapari, Radzali Othman, Zurina Shamsudin, Siti Hajar Sheikh Md Fadzullah, Nur Fatiha Ishak
The percentage of porosity and hardness value also increased with reduction in carbon particle size.
Waste Reduction Group Environmental Protection Department reported that about 83,000 tonnes of glass waste generated and from this only 3% was recovered [1].
Data were collected at room temperature using Cu Ka radiation (a=1.54178 Å).
With a further increase of the particles size, a continue reduction in hardness occurred and at highest particle size of 75µm, the hardness property was 3.70 GPa.
With increasing amount of carbon content, the bulk density and porosity increased, resulting in reduction of the microhardness values.
Online since: March 2017
Authors: Dashnor Hoxha, Marouen Slaimia, Naima Belayachi
Thus, the data records from a full scale building demonstrator set-up in the framework of PROMETHE program are used.
This difference can also be explained by the absence of the solar radiation data in the exterior boundary conditions.
In fact, during the first half of monitoring the measured relative humidity data are much higher than the calculated data.
While in situ data record a maximum value of 90% relative humidity, WUFI data of the relative humidity at this position hardly reaches 83%.
During the second half of monitoring the calculated and measured data are closer to each other.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Hong Sheng Su
After quantification and reduction of the diagnosis decision table, the simplified decision table served as the learning samples of AFSA-RBF neural network, and the well-trained neural network was then applied to diagnose stream turbine vibration faults.
After quantification and attribution reduction, we get a simplified decision table as shown in Table According to Tab.1, the architecture of AFSA-RBF neural networks may be defined as 5-5-10, that is, the node-number in input layer is 5 corresponding to 5 characteristics variables, and the one in hidden layer is 5, and the one in export layer is 10 corresponding to 10 fault types.
Let the samples in Tab.1 serve as training data of the networks.
Test data Test data 0.15 0.80 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.30 0.10 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.60 0.10 0.00 0.00 Table 3.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Ku Zilati Ku Shaari, Usama Mohamed Nour, Mohd Zaki Zainal Abidin
The correlations were then verified against the experimental result and it was found that he result showed a good agreement between expected result from the correlations and experimental data, ensuring that the correlation may be used for further application.
The application of ProMAX in this study is due to its function for updating data, to and from the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for calculating the heat transfer coefficient conveniently.
The output data generated by ProMAX will be sent into Excel spreadsheet for calculating heat transfer coefficient accordingly.
It shows that the reduction of liquid film thickness leads to increment in heat transfer coefficient.
Experimental data and model for heat transfer, in liquid falling film flow on shell-side, for spiral-wound LNG heat exchanger, Int.
Online since: August 2015
Authors: Marek Swat
The data presented indicates that this parameter fluctuated around the value of 2.
Comparing the data obtained with the values of the excess air ratio (λ), it can be concluded that increasing the exhaust temperature decreases the coefficient λ; and, conversely, the exhaust gas temperature decrease is observed as an increase in the excess air ratio.
The presented data show that in the combustion of the same mass of fuel in similar conditions of the thermal process, the energy produced increases with a decrease in the share of biomass co-combusted with coal.
The presented data show that, in the initial stage of combustion in the furnace, the temperature rise caused a decrease in the concentration of CO of about 1600ppm for the glycerol fraction, and to about 800 ppm in the main, laminar combustion period for coal.
· Combustion control by varying the excess air ratio λ, especially in the initial period of rapid increases in temperature (combustion of fly particles evaporated), allows the reduction of the oxidation rate during this period and a reduction in NOx emissions in the main part of the laminar combustion.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Hong Xiang Xiao, Ye Fu Zhu
Perception module in Figure1 is collecting current intersection traffic information, traffic signal control common sense traffic rules, the intersection and adjacent intersection-related information (such as road length, number of lanes, lane type, and saturated flow, etc.).This module provides basic data for controller, and provides a basis for decision-making module for decision making.
Communication module is responsible for the Agent model internal module data interaction, knowledge base data update, and communicate with adjacent junction’s Agent, and receive adjacent intersection traffic information to realize roads or regional coordination control of multi-junction[3].
Fuzzy controller receive the data from traffic flow detector Agent and is based on fuzzy control rules of rule base for determining the current green phase of the green light delay time.
Such cases, fuzzy control has many advantages; With intersection traffic flow in the case of middle peak traffic flow, fuzzy control method is 17.91 seconds per vehicle; Traditional method is 47.04 seconds per vehicle; reduction is 61.89%.
Such cases, fuzzy control has many advantages; With intersection traffic flow in the case of high peak traffic flow, fuzzy control method is 269.72 seconds per vehicle; Traditional method is 280.67 seconds per vehicle; reduction is 3.90%.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Antônio Jorge Abdalla, Jorge Otubo, Danieli Aparecida Pereira Reis, Adriano Gonçalves dos Reis
The overaging phenomenon promotes a substantial reduction in strength [2].
Though considerable work has been carried out in the past in generating data on the mechanical properties of lower grades, only limited information is available in the open literature on the mechanical properties of 300 grade [6].
Data available on the mechanical properties of maraging steels at elevated temperature are very few and most of the studies on the low grades were confined to tensile properties or stress-rupture studies up to 540 ºC [1,7].
Specialized applications of the steel occasionally demand short-time exposures at unusually high temperatures and it is desirable to have data on the creep behavior of the material during such service conditions.
Creep data at 550 ºC of the maraging 300 steel.
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