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Unfortunately, the durable property of the petroleum based polymer materials can cause environmental problem of waste disposal of the petroleum plastics in the landfill.
The sol-gel method has low temperature chemical method used for production of inorganic oxide materials.
Methodology Materials.
Acknowledgement The authors would like to express gratitude to the National Metal and Materials Technology Centre for their financial support.
Journal of Environmental Biology, 33, 955-959

Introduction Aluminum foam, a new structural function material, refers to a kind of superlight metallic materials with a structure similar to countless foams dispersed in the aluminum matrix.
Research status and development prospects of aluminum foam and composite structures, Materials review A: Review article 29(2015)81-84
[5] David Oliva , Valtteri Hongisto, Sound absorption of porous materials–Accuracy of prediction methods, Applied Acoustics 74(2013)1473-1479
[7] Yunjie Li, Zhendong Li, Fusheng Han, Air flow resistance and sound absorption behavior of open-celled aluminum foams with spherical cells, Procedia Materials Science 4(2014)187-190
[9] Xiangyi Bu, Sound Absorption property of alumiun alloy foam used for noise reduction in construction, Foundry Technology.36(2015)1934-1935 [10] Dong Guan, Jiu Hui Wu ,Li Jing, A statistical method for predicting sound absorbing property of porousmetal materials by using quartet structure generation set, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 626(2015)29-34

School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
The potential application of ZnAl2O4 material which can be used in microwave application as microwave dielectric material.
MATERIALS AND METHOD Zn(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3 and SiO2 was used as starting materials to produce (1-x)ZnAl2O4 – xSiO2 compounds by using sol-gel method.
Ethylene glycol solution was used to dissolve these materials.
Hosseinpour-Mashkani: Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials Vol. 22 (2012), p. 1093

Anslysis of the 5-m Heavy Plate Mill Stand Based on MSC.Marc Finite Element Method Zhenyi Huang 1 , Minxia Chen 1, Changhong Li 1,Shengfu Wu 1, Wei Wang1, Jian Liu2, Dalun He 2. 1 Anhui University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering , Maanshan AnHui 243002 2 5-m Heavy Plate Mill, Baosteel Branch, Shanghai 200941, China Keywords: Rolling Mill; Stiffness Check; Strength Check Abstract: The stand is the largest and most important part in rolling-mill components.It bears tremendous rolling force, instant impact and part of the rolling torque during the rolling process .In addition ,roller system ,pressure and balance system also installed in it.
A Finte Element Model For Dynamic Analysis of Rolling Mill[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2000,(7):66-68.116-118.
Mechanical Equipment of Material forming[M].Northeastern University Press, 2002: 87～95.
（In Chinese） [5] zhao Liu, qiusheng Wang.Mechanics of Materials[M].
（In Chinese） [6] hongwen Liu.Mechanics of Materials[M].

Ni Department of Mechanical Engineering, China University of Science and Technology Taipei 11522, Taiwan cctommykimo@yahoo.com.tw Keywords: Stochastic Fatigue crack growth; fatigue experiment; compact-tension specimen Abstract.
Erdogan, A Critical Analysis of Propagation Laws, Journal of Basic Engineering, Transactions of ASME, Vol. 85 (1963), pp. 528-534
Elber, The Stress Ratio Effect on Fatigue Crack Closure, Damage Tolerance of Aircraft Structures, ASTM STP 486, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia (1971)
Ni, Formulation of a Polynomial Stochastic Fatigue Crack Growth Model, Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 909 (2014), pp. 467-471
[9] ASTM E647-91, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates, American Society for Testing and Materials, Vol.03.01 (1991), pp. 679-706.

Silicate ceramics with clays are some of the most complicated ceramic systems because of the very complex relationship between the behavior of mineral materials during the ceramic processing and the transformations during heating.
Keywords: Kaolin; Mullite (d); Sintering (a); X-ray methods (b) Introduction Kaolin is representative raw materials often used in the manufacture of ceramics.
The quantity and development of this phase influence the sintering mechanisms, but mullite formation depends on the raw material type and is modified by the firing process [[] Lecomte, G., Blanchart, P., "Textured mullite at muscovite-kaolinite interface", 2006, Journal of Materials Science 41 (15), pp. 4937-4943 [] Tezuka, N., Low, I.
The 3rd and 4th lines are from materials sintered at 1100°C, 3°C/min and 20°C/min and maintained during 12 h.
The c length appears to be slightly reduced, compared with the almost similar c lengths from materials sintered at 20°C/min.

Therefore they are promising materials for highly stressed bearing balls.
But ceramic materials are very brittle and have a limited tensile strength, which - for ceramic materials - is - in general - given by the Griffith/Irwin criterion [3, 4]: σ π = cf c K Y a
Therefore a large scatter of the strength can be expected, as it is generally observed for ceramic materials [3, 4].
Under these conditions failure is triggered by the fracture toughness and not by the strength of the materials [4].
Fett: Ceramics: Mechanical properties, failure behaviour, materials selection, Springer series in materials science ed. vol.

Journal of Solid Rocket Technology.2002 ,25(1):61-64.
Materials for Mechanical Engineering. 2006,30(11):39-42.
W., The elastic moduli of fiber-reinforced materials.
B., Elastic properties of fiber reinforced composite materials.
[7] Hashin, Z., Analysis of composite materials-A survey.J.

Akbari Mousavi School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O.
Welding windows were proposed to show the weldability ranges of process parameters for various materials [1].
Constants in this equation are obtained from simple mechanical tests such as isothermal tension and torsion tests that are given in Table 1 for materials used in this study.
Table 1: The Johnson-Cook equations parameters for the materials used Material A, MPa B C N m SS304 310 350 0.02 0.3 0.5 Al 6061 275 500 0.02 0.3 1 Al5056 265 426 0.015 0.34 1 Figure1-Typical three dimensional set up of tubes Pressure Distributions.
References [1] Blazynsky.T.Z.: Explosive forming, welding and compaction, Applied Science Publishers LTD, 1983

Introduction The fiber-reinforced composite materials using on the reinforcement of concrete structures are now mainly carbon fiber and Kevlar.
The basalt fiber is the preferred alternative to carbon fibers and aramid fiber reinforcement materials.
Other mechanical properties of materials are stated in Table 1 and Table 2.
Basalt fiber materials application prospects [J].
Journal Building structures, 2004,25 (3) :92-97.