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In the last few years, KNN-based lead-free materials exhibit piezoelectric properties which have been demonstrated to be comparable to conventional Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics[4-12].
Reagent-grade oxide and carbonate powders of K2CO3 (99.0%), Na2CO3 (99.8%), Li2CO3 (98.0%), La2O3 (99.99%) and Nb2O5 (99.9%) were used as the starting materials.
For KNLaN ceramics, this material shows a changing symmetry with increasing La3+ content; when x≤0.01, the material displays a typical orthorhombic symmetry at room temperature.
Herbert, Electroceramics: Materials, Properties, Applications, second ed., John Wiley, Chichester, (2003)
Qu, Zhuo Xu, “Effect of A-site Non-stoichiometry on polarization degree of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics” Journal of Air Force engineering university (nature science edition)., Vol. 13 (2012), p. 91,in Chinese

Ivanchev and G.Govender, Optimisation of the solution heat treatment of rheo-processed Al-Cu-Mg-(Ag) alloys A206 and A201, Materials Science Forum, 618 (2009) 353-356
Hono, Microstructural evolution and age hardening in aluminium alloys: Atom probe field- Ion microscopy and Transition electron microscopy studies, Materials characterization, 44 (2000) 101-131
Knutsen and G.Govender, The influence of Mn on the tensile properties of SSM-HPDC Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy A201, The Journal of the Southern African institute of mining and metallurgy, 111 (2011)167-171
Eberl, The effect of silver on microstructure evolution in two 2xxx series Al-alloys with high Cu:Mg ratio during ageing to a T8 temper, Materials Science and Engineering, A491 (2008) 214-223
Chie Lin, M-Shan Yeh and R-Rueng Jang, Effect of Ag content and heat treatment on the stress corrosion cracking of Al-4.6Cu-0.3Mg alloy, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 91 (2005) 454-462

So the selection of materials insulation system in the initial construction is very important.
Through the design and materials selection to simulate the energy consumption
It can be seen from the above insulation improvements systems, the used materials mostly energy-saving and environmental protection in option two.
Fund Project: The science and technology development plan project in Jilin province (20110640) References [1] Zhili Ma.
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology.2005.

These layers were selected due to high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) difference when compared to conventional materials that are used for other actuators [5].
(a) Comparison of analytical and simulated results for temperature increase from ambient with respect to applied power(voltage) for heaters using different materials; (b) Finite element model of micro-actuator showing displacement under applied voltage (Inset: meshed actuator model).
As higher frequencies are desired for scanning micromirrors, transient analysis for different upper layer materials (aluminum, gold and nickel) were carried out at input step voltage of 0.45V, see Fig. 5(b).
Though gold shows higher frequency than other materials it has lower displacement than its counterpart, aluminum.
Sidek," Design and analysis of thermal microactuator", European Journal of Scientific Research,Vol.35 No.2(2009), pp.281-292

Brazing is an effective method for dissimilar materials joining, but the brazing joint of Ti to Cu is difficult to guarantee access to the entire surface of the joint continuity [6].
In recent years, DB has been applied widely in brittle materials and dissimilar metals [8].
Diffusion bonding is a method of joining metallic or non-metallic materials.
The required force on the specimens during bonding can be applied using Hydraulic loading .Fig. 4 illustrate the microstructures of the base materials.
The Chinese Journal of Non ferrous Metals, 1997, 7(1): 75-79.

Acoustic Emission (AE) is a useful non-destructive evaluation method to detect the damage of materials in real time.
In addition, it is very difficult to set the threshold level optimally before measurement, especially in inexperienced materials or structures.
Acknowledgement The present research is supported by Ibiden Co., ltd. and the 21st Century COE Program "Human-Friendly Materials based on Chemistry" from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.
Motz: Otto-Graf-Journal, 14 (2003), p.115 [7] M.
Enoki: Materials Transaction, submitted

Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2008, 37(10): 1844-1846
Applied Surface Science, 2008, 254(13): 3849-3858
Materials and Design, 2007, 28(6): 1836-1843
Materials Research Bulletin, 2000, 35(13): 2165-2172
Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 1997, 26(3): 53-58

Experimental materials adopt Al2O3 ceramic with a purity of more than 99%.
Introduction of mineral material, Science Press, Beijing, 1999
[3] S.L.Campanelli, A.D.Ludovico, C.Bonserion, Experimental analysis of the laser milling process parameters, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2007, 191 :220-223
[5] Davim JP, Oliveira C, Barricas N, Conceicao M Some experimental studies on COR2R laser cutting quality of polymeric materials, J Mater Process Technology. 2007(198):99–104
[6]Zhu Yinbo, Experimental and Simulation Study of Pulsed Laser Milling on Ceramic Materials, Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu University, 2010

Influences of Mixing Procedure on Properties of Fresh Latex Modified Cement Paste (I) Han Dongdong 1, a, Chen Weideng 1, b, Zhong Shiyun 2, c* 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China 2 Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China ahdd880216@163.com, bchenweideng@163.com, csyzhong@tongji.edu.cn *Corresponding author: syzhong@tongji.edu.cn Keywords: latex modified cement paste; mixing procedure; adsorption; fluidity; setting time Abstract.
Construction and Building Materials.38 (2013)567-574. ].
Journal of Building Materials. 16(2013)106-110. ] and so on.
Experiment Materials.
Superplasticizer (Sp): polycarboxylate (PC) was provided by Shanghai Gaotie building materials Co., Ltd and its solid content is 20%.

Size dependent transport properties of nanocrystalline materials have also been investigated by Jose et al. [5].
Depressed semicircles appear due to distribution of relaxation times in these materials.
Abdul Khadar, Nanostructured Materials, 11(1999), p. 1091
Felluer, Journal of Power Sources, (2004), in press
Nedić, Material Science Forume, Vol. 352 (2000), p. 251