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Hirankumar2, b*, A.Maheswaran1 ,c, R.S.Daries Bella1, d and C.Sanjeeviraja3, e 1 Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil – 626 126, India. 2 Centre for Scientific and Applied Research, School of Basic Engineering and Sciences, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Melathediyoor – 627 152, TN, India 3Department of Physics, Alagappa chettiar college of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi, India.
Among these olivine cathode materials, the pristine LiNiPO4 shows high voltage vs Lithium while exhibiting extremely poor electronic conductivity at ambient temperature [2].
Such kind of morphology is very important to achieve high capacity and good cycleability of the cathode materials.
Allen, Effect of carbon on the electronic conductivity and discharge capacity LiCoPO4, Journal of Power sources, 163 (2007) 1070-1073
Sanjeeviraja, Y.S.Lee, R.Kalai Selvan, Physicochemical properties of V5+ doped LiCoPO4 as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries, J Sol-Gel Sci Technol, Doi.10.1007/s 10971-012-2952-y

Materials and Methods A.DEF and chicken Primary duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells were prepared from 11 to 13 days old embryonated eggs which were obtained from Ya’an Duck Farm, Sichuan Province, China and propagated in minimal essential medium (MEM, GIBCO) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, GIBCO), 0.22% NaHCO3, 100 U/ml penicillin and streptomycin.
Cui, “Dynamic pathology and antigen location study on broiler breeders with coinfection of marek’s disease virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus,” Agricultural Sciences in China, vol. 7, Nov. 2008, pp: 1387-1393, doi:10.1016/S1671-2927(08)60189-3 
Chinese Journal of Virology, Vol. 24, Mar. 2008, pp. 117-124, doi: CNKI:SUN:BDXB.0.2008-02-010
Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, vol. 2, Mar. 2002, pp. 9-13, doi: cnki:ISSN:1008-0589.0.2002-02-002
Hirai, “Copy number of tandem direct repeats within the inverted repeats of marek’s disease virus DNA,” Biken Journal, vol. 29, Dec. 1986, pp. 83-89, pmid: 2441693

Introduction Nano crystalline materials have received considerable interest for their improved physical, chemical and mechanical properties [1].
Many of these applications require a good understanding of corrosion behavior of the materials as a function of microstructure.
Some researchers have been shown that nanostructure materials have worse corrosion resistance [5,6] and some others have shown better resistance in comparison to coarse grained materials [7-9].
Li, “Oxidation behaviour of Cu thin films on Si wafer at 175–400ºC”, Materials Letters 51(2001), PP.78–84
Jiang, “Brief review of oxidation kinetics of copper at 350 °C to 1050 °C”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 37A,(2006), PP. 1231- 1237

The fine grains can improve the strength, ductility and toughness of materials.
Journal of Materials Engineering, 2002, 9:37-39
Materials Science and Engineering A, 2003, (A357): 104-110
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 1996, (27A): 3601-3611
Materials Review, 2010, 24(2): 98-101

When inelastic material behavior has to be considered, additional effort has to be spent onto tracking the history of the material particles within the spatially fixed finite element mesh.
The transport of the material points within the spatial mesh is modeled in a second step, where the advection of history dependent material variables is performed.
It only describes first order effects of the rather complex behavior of rubber like materials.
Tire Science & Technology, 20, 33-56, 1992
Vehicle Systems Dynamics Journal, Supplement 40, 175-194, 2003

Application of VE in the Products Function Innovation He Xuemei1,2,a and Ji Xiaomin1,b 1Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China 2Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, China aHexuemei@sust.edu.cn, bjixm@xaut.edu.cn Key words: VE, products, the function innovation Abstract.
Miles in GM developed the scientific theory in practice, which reduce product costs by using material substitution on the premise of product function, to solve the shortage of resources after world war TWO.
With the social development of material civilization and spiritual civilization, people have higher expectations and more demands of consumer products.
References [1] Feng Genyao, "Mass customization of footwear product and its technical system", Journal of Engineering Design, vol. 13, pp. 346–349, Oct 2006
[4] Chen Yi, "A theoretical framework for strategy of innovations in product functionality", science and technology management, vol.12, pp73-79, Dec 2007.

Intensified internal leakages in the hydraulic cylinder, effected by leakages at the piston, can result from what follows: ageing of seal materials; contamination of the working fluid; parameters of the working fluid inconsistent with the system specifications, faults in the production technology.
Major causes of the hydraulic-circuit leaks are as follows: fatigue cracking of hydraulic pipes, tubes, hoses; leakages at hydraulic-line joints (improper hydraulic pipe-end extensions, excessive or too low assembly stress in pipe joints); faulty manufacturing of conduits (material faults, improper technology of conduit bending), mechanical damages to conduits (effects of faulty assembly of other structural components of an aircraft); others.
[3] Gronczewski A.: Statistical Approach to Flight Safety - Journal of Transdisciplinary System Science, Vol. 9, 2004
Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Operating Technology, Radom 2003

Introduction Since 0.2% MFIS was firstly found in Ni2MnGa single crystal in 1996 [1], Ni–Mn–Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) have received more and more attention as potential magnetic actuator and sensor materials due to their large magnetic field induction strain (MFIS ) and high response frequency [2–4].
As is well known, the chemical composition of material significantly affects the Curie temperatures of Heusler-type Ni–Mn–Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloy.
Acknowledgements This study is supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20100481218), Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21173028), Doctor Startup Foundation of Dalian University and Supported by Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in University (LJQ2013131).
Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998) 3263

Table 1 Experimental conditions for the measurement and compensation Grinding wheel Size Material 150mm in outer diameter, 4mm in width and 0.5mm in corner arc radius, CBN Type JAI CV-A1 area scan Pixels in video output [pixel] 1380(h) ×1035(v) CCD camera Sensing area for video out[mm] 6.42(h)×4.81(v) Lens Magnification 0.9 Grinding feeding resolution 0.1µm Compensation feeding resolution 1µm Revolution of wheel [rpm] 4800 Grinding conditions Compensation step length 2µm 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No. of test workpiece Contour error(µm) without compensation with compensation Fig.8 NC interface of grinding Fig.9 Contour error of the machined workpiece Conclusions With the aim to improve the accuracy in curve grinding, the grinding wheel wear was automatically measured and compensated based on image processing system.
Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank Shanghai Science and Technology Foundation of China (No.021111125).
Pawel: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.109 (2001), pp.258-263
Fumiaki: Information Sciences, Vol.159 (2004), pp.203-220.

Carbonate apatite has a similar structure to the inorganic component of teeth and bone, and can be used as bioresorbable material for filling bone defects.
Materials and Methods The dentin specimens were obtained from the root of extracted human molars.
R13-2003-13 from the Medical Science and Engineering Research Program of the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation.
Buldini, et al: Journal of Molecular structure. (2004)