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Measurement of Mechanical Properties.
Mechanical properties of the films were determined using a tensile testing machine (Instron 4411, U.S.A.).
Mechanical properties It was expected to improve the tensile strength of pectin films by incorporating ZnO-NPs.
Statistical analysis revealed that the concentration of ZnO-NPs was significant factors to the mechanical properties of films (p< 0.01), e.g. the tensile strength of pectin film improved from 25.8 to 45.4 MPa when ZnO-NPs content increased from 0% to 5%.
Mechanical, microstructural and solubility properties of pectin/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends.

Introduction Scaffolds based on biodegradable materials combined with osteoinductive factors are promising for bone tissue engineering.
Composite materials, especially polymer/ceramics composites, have been paid much attention as a prospective scaffold material, due to the combination of adequate mechanical properties and biocompatibility[1,2].
However, biocompatibilities and mechanical properties of PCL/HA composite scaffolds have not been fully characterized yet with HA content, pore structure, etc.
In the present study, four kinds of scaffolds with different content of HA [0, 20, 40 and 60% (w/w)] were prepared to investigate the effect of HA on scaffolds properties.
Data indicate that the presence of HA does not affect porosity degree.

Due to its lower mechanical properties it is continuously being replaced by harder grades in new installations, especially in higher loaded track sections, such as heavy haul transport, low radii bows, high train frequencies or high speed sections.
Table 1: Chemical composition and mechanical properties of selected pearlitic rail steels as defined in European rail standard EN-13674-1 [4].
The morphology of the pearlite affects the mechanical and fatigue properties of steels [9].
This should specifically take into consideration influencing factors of the pearlitic phase transformation.
Le May, “Effects of Microstructural Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Eutectoid Rail Steels,” Mater.

Soil mass structure which contains structure fissures and structure bodies controls the deformation, failure and mechanical property of loess mass.
Loess mass structure always controls the deformation and failure of loess mass and their mechanical property[2].
Table 1 Classification of loess mass structure fissure by closure Types of structure fissure Closure Description of factors of classification Closed structure fissure Tightest Penetration rate of water in fissure is near to that of bilateral soil mass of fissure and soil mass including fissure can be considered as continuous medium.
So in engineering practice, we need prioritize structure fissures and pick the most important one or ones to analyze their effects on the properties of engineering loess mass.
Color, composition, structure and mechanical property of loess mass having no obvious change, with no deposition interfaces and other structure planes and thickness of soil layer being higher than that of engineering loess mass(such as heavy layer of Malan loess).

., Chamrádová 475/23, 718 00 Ostrava – Kunčičky, Czech Republic akudela@tuzvo.sk, bleos.mrenica@pobox.sk, ccunderlik@tuzvo.sk, dinfo@thermosanace.eu Keywords: spruce, old wood, dry ice, surface properties.
All these factors cause morphological and chemical changes to the wood surface during ageing [1,2].
Wood surface treatment always affects wood surface morphology.
Results and Discussion The properties of the wood surface treated with dry ice were compared with the original wood surface and with the plane milled wood surface.
The way of wood surface treatment and the anatomical direction were found as factors substantially influencing the wood surface roughness.

The combination of the above mentioned factors due to HCPEB treatment can promote structural phase transformations and result in the formation of very fine grains within the irradiated surface layers, which would remarkably influence the physical mechanical properties of the irradiated surface [3].
In this work, the effectiveness of the HCPEB treatment for modifying the texture and surface properties of 3Cr13 martensitic stainless steel with melting its top surface is demonstrated.
The sample surface was prepared before the HCPEB treatment by mechanical polishing to ensure a similar initial surface state.
Finally, in our opinion, the thermal stress induced by the surface irradiation may be an important factor which should affect the formation of fine austenite.
Because of the above factors, the martensitic transformation could completely be suppressed.

Regarding heat treatment influences on mechanical properties of TWIP steels, in this paper we discuss twinning phenomenon resulting from this kind of treatment.
Although presence of coherent interfaces inside poly crystal materials including twin boundaries have significant influence on mechanical properties of metals and alloy steels there are however, no sufficient qualitative studies on the impacts of twin boundaries on the mechanical properties of steels [2].
Some important factors affect the rate of twins formation during grain growth including: rate of deformation before annealing, temperature and time cycle of annealing heat treatment, grain size, energy of grain boundaries, migration velocity of grain boundaries, SFE, context of grains and impurities [4].
So, it is expected that annealing twins have a significant influence on mechanical properties of materials following Hall-Petch equation [8].
Meyer, High strength Fe-Mn-(Al, Si)TRIP/TWIP steels development-properties-application.

The formability of magnesium alloys is the subject of efforts undertaken in many research centers due to their outstanding mechanical, plastic, and above all, physical properties.
The trend in the care of the natural environment, among other factors, causes searches for technologies of production and processing of high-quality products characterized by a low specific gravity to be more and more often undertaken.
Ding, Effects of extrusion ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 182 (2007) 281−285 [3] G.
Bajor, Hutnik – Wiadomości Hutnicze, Effect of the extruded blank cooling metod on the mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy wires, no 5, (2010) 223-225
Bajor, Hutnik – Wiadomości Hutnicze, The effect of drawing speed on the mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy wires, no 5, (2011) 357-359.

The experiments were conducted using one-factor-at-a-time experiment strategy in which only one input parameter was varied while keeping all other input parameters as constant.
MMCs have become increasingly important in modern industrial applications due to their properties such as high strength-to-weight ratio, high toughness, lower value of coefficient of thermal expansion, good wear resistance, and capability of operating at elevated temperatures [1-4].
But, manufacturing of MMC products by machining processes is one of the most important factors in enabling their successful applications.
Whereas, the wire feed rate does not affects the average cutting speed significantly.
Rosso: Ceramic and metal matrix composites: routes and properties, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 175 (2006), pp 364-375

Factors influencing the elastic/anelastic properties of wood Factors having influence of the elastic/anelastic properties are all those, which generally influence the mechanical properties of materials, but in addition all those, which result from the basic polymeric character of wood.
As the same factors influence also the strength properties, here they are mentioned only very briefly.
Factors influencing the strength of wood Factors influencing the strength properties of wood are numerous and most of them are the same as those influencing the elastic/anelastic properties described earlier.
Factors depending on cell structure The cell structure can influence the mechanical strength properties of wood in many different ways.
Environmental factors From the different environmental factors affecting the mechanical strength properties of wood the most important and influential one is moisture.