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Although FSW tool wear leads in addition to shorter tool life also to unexpected weld properties (structure, mechanical properties) only few studies have been addressed tool wear mechanism and tool materials selection [7, 9-11].
Savolainen et al. [7] investigated the factors affecting friction stir weldability of pure copper and its alloys as well as addressed correct welding parameters and performance of tool materials.
The use of sintered TiC-NiW and TiC-NiMo cermets was not recommended as they demonstrated poor mechanical properties (were too brittle).
In addition to adhesion diffusion is one of the factors of tool degradation at high temperatures.
Fujii, Investigation of the welding parameter dependent microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded pure copper, Mater.

It was shown that machining parameters affect the serrated chip forming greatly.
When cutting speed becomes larger, the discontinuous chip comes into being gradually, especially for the workpiece materials with physical properties such as high hardness and low heat, and the serrated chip forms in the broad scope of the high cutting speed, so the chip shape obtained from high speed cutting is different from that of common cutting.
Mechanical properties of the alloy cast iron material were obtained through high-speed compress experiment, then using the plastic flow theory (increment theory) the material constitutive model was built and the key technologies such as the chip-tool friction, the separation between chip and workpiece, chip breaking and part heat conduction of chip were researched and the serrated chip forming process in the high-speed milling of alloy cast iron were simulated and analyzed to predict the influencing law of different machining parameters(the feed level, milling speed and depth) of the serrated chip formation on the basis of given tool geometry (rake angle, clearance angle and the cutting edge arc) and the tool material properties.
The material constitutive model shows the characteristic variety of matter in the high-speed cutting process, it affects the physical phenomena in the cutting process such as heat, force, and mechanism, and it is also one of the key factors that affect the finite element simulation of high-speed cutting.
The chip achieved from high-speed cutting is remarkably different from the normal chip because the serrated chip comes into being in high cutting speed especial for the workpiece material with physical properties such as high hardness and low caloric.

Comparison of Structure and Properties of Hard Coatings on Commercial Tool Materials Manufactured with the Pressureless Forming Method or Laser Treatment Grzegorz Matula1, a, Mirosław Bonek1,b, Leszek A.
Investigation indicate the influence of the alloying carbides on the structure and properties of the surface layer of investigated steel depending on manufacturing conditions and power implemented laser (HPDL).
The powder metallurgy and especially employment of newer and newer forming methods, as well as modernisation of those existing so far, have led to the significant lowering of the manufacturing costs maintain very high mechanical properties of the sintered materials.
This phenomenon is the reason for the super-fast phase transformations affecting the structural mechanism of forming the surface layers subjected to laser treatment.
The best mechanical properties, including hardness and microhardness, were obtained for specimen alloyed with the 1,7 kW laser.

The influencing factors including PPS resin content, molding pressure and molding temperature, and temperature holding time on the conductivity, flexural strength and density of the composite were investigated.
The properties such as the electrical conductivity, flexural strength and density of the composite were tested.
The factors of PPS resin content, the molding pressure, molding temperature, and the temperature holding time which affected the properties of the composite were investigated.
Liu, Study on the preparation and properties of novolac epoxy/graphite composite bipolar plate for PEMFC, Int.
Yin, Research on Properties of Poly (phenylene sulfide) /Graphite Composite Bipolar Plate, J.

However, magnesium alloys have not been used for high performance applications due to their low mechanical properties in engineering applications, especially in some aggressive environments.
Therefore, it is important to improve the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy by means of surface engineering which without causing significant adverse effects on the properties of the base metal.
However, each of the coating techniques are limited by several main factors, such as weak interfaces between coating and substrate, need for vacuum chamber, extremely slow deposition, inconvenience operating and costly manufacturing procedure.
The available choices of silicon carbide particles (SiCp) are the most preferred reinforcements primarily because enhanced properties can be easily achieved with little or no penalty on density.
Sullivan, Wear. 65 (1980)1 Table 1 Comparison of the bend test properties of as-received AZ31 and GTA surface modified AZ31 with Al + SiC.

The cementation get reinforced and the change of the content of closed air caused by the temperature curing may be the key factors.
Although the influence of temperature on engineering property of unsaturated soil is a very complicated process, a further research is still needed on the basic mechanical property.
Thus the cementation get reinforced. 4) The closed air in soil, which increases the elasticity and decreases the permeability of the soil, has important influence on the mechanical properties of cohesive soil.
However, it does indicates such a fact: On the researches of soil mass structure, the influence of the change of soil structure strength, which is caused by temperature, on the mechanical properties should be taken into consideration.
Mitchell, “Temperature effects on the engineering properties and behaviour of soils,” Highway Research Board, Special Report 103(1969) 9

Many researches reported the forming of the nano ceramics and its properties[2-5], but researches on the finishing mechanism are insufficient.
The changes of the inner micro-characters of the material under ultrasonic wave field are the important factors which affect the value of ξ [6]. ξ of common brittle material misfit the nano-ZrO2 ceramic.
Considering the factors mentioned above comprehensively, ξ in Eq.1 should be revised as
The factors that affect ξ2 may relate to the micro-change of the material constitutive relation under ultrasonic energy, which result from the change of the value of E and H.
The experiments indicate that there are a variety of factors which affect the value of ξ.

Introduction Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is a chemically stable piezoelectric polymer with particularly excellent electrical properties such as ferro-, piezo-, and pyro-electricity[1].
As a matter of fact, the morphology of the electrospun polymer fibers depends on many parameters, such as solution properties, processing conditions, and ambient conditions.
However, solution properties are one of the most important parameters in electrospinning techniques.
However, the diameter distribution was affected by varied voltages.
The possible mechanism for the formation of β-phase PVDF produced by electrospinning might be attributed to several factors.

This reduction is influenced by various factors, including the origin of the RCA [14], the percentage of substitution [15,16], the water absorption properties, and the W/C ratio [10].
The mechanical properties of recycled fibers.
Pilakoutas, Mechanical properties of SFRC using blended manufactured and recycled tyre steel fibres, Constr.
Pilakoutas, Mechanical properties of SFRC using blended Recycled Tyre Steel Cords (RTSC) and Recycled Tyre Steel Fibres (RTSF), Constr.
Manso, The influence of recycled aggregates from precast elements on the mechanical properties of structural self-compacting concrete, Constr.

Introduction Selecting materials for a large number of components to be used in biomedical devices depends on several factors.
Moreover, it must have an excellent corrosion resistance and appropriate mechanical properties.
Titanium and titanium alloys are well-suited as clinically used biomaterials because their biological, mechanical and physical properties play significant roles in the longetivity of the protheses and implants [1].
The elastic properties of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloys were determined by internal friction and oscillation frequency measurements using Flexural Vibration of the first tone of samples in Acoustic Elastometer System (Vibran Technology® ), AE-102 Model) [12] operating in a kHz bandwidth, and Torsional Vibration of the samples in Kê-type [13] Torsion Pendulum operating in a Hz bandwidth.
Materials Science Forum: Mechanical Spectroscopy Q -1 2001, Trans Tech Publications LTD, Laubisrutistr, CH; 2001