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These materials originally discovered in Japan [13] are called Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs).
Gao, Enhanced adhesion of diamond-like carbon films with a composition-graded intermediate layer, Applied Physics a-Materials Science & Processing 68 (1999) 343-347
Felix, Functionally graded diamond-like carbon coatings on metallic substrates, Materials Science and Engineering a-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 278 (2000) 162-169
Suresh, Graded materials for resistance to contact deformation and damage, Science 292 (2001) 2447-2451
Pallot, Two-dimensional contact analysis of elastic graded materials, Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids 48 (2000) 1597-1631

Increasing with strain rate, brittle materials demonstrate an increase of fracture strength.
The model can simulate the process of dynamic fracture of solid materials.
Therefore, both failure strength and fragment size can be incorporated with microstructural characteristics of brittle materials and it requires a microtextural analysis from brittle materials.
Clifton, Response of materials under dynamic loading, International Journal of Solids and Structures 37(1-2)(2000), pp. 105-113
Kipp, Continuum modeling of explosive fracture in oil shale, International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Science Geomech.

Yuan, Ultrathin graphene: electrical properties and highly efficient electromagnetic interference shielding, Journal of materials chemistry C. 3(26) (2015) 6589-6599
Luo, Flexible thin microwave absorbing patch: flake carbonyl iron and chopped carbon fibers oriented in resin matrix, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 31(2) (2020) 1442-1450
Duan, Wave-transmitting material to optimize impedance matching and enhance microwave absorption properties of flaky carbonyl iron coating, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 31(11) (2020) 8627-8636
Jian, Electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of coatings based on spherical and flaky carbonyl iron, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 30(19) (2019) 18123-18134
Chen, Preparation of rGO/PVA/CIP composites and their microwave absorption properties, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 479 (2019) 337-343

In order to analyze composite materials easily, we must solve two problems.
Modeling of composite materials Mesh superposition method.
In order to get the modeling of composite materials easy, we use a numerical technique concerned with FEM.
Chapman etc.: Journal of Composite Materials, 34 (2000), p. 724-747 [3] V.
Lions, Some Methods in the Mathematical Analysis of Systems and Their Control, Science Press (1981) [5] M.

Stylios, (2006) "An overview of smart technologies for clothing design and engineering", International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, Vol. 18 Iss: 2, pp.108 - 128. ].
Learning through cycling in martensilic phase transitions, Materials Science and Engineering. 20 (4), p. 644-56. ].
Journal of materials processing technology. 196, p. 129–134. ].
Mechanics of Materials. 38 (5-6), p. 391–429. ].
Materials and Experimental Methods 2.1 Materials Three different nitinol® wire diameters have been used to produce three types of loops, generating nine different samples.

Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a material removal process of electrically conductive materials by the thermo-electric source of energy .This kind of machining extensively used in machining of materials with highly precision productivity.
In order to optimize machining conditions for materials with different thermal properties or advanced materials, experimental investigations are still essential.
Applied Surface Science Vol. 253 (2007), p. 9007–9016
Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 169 (2005), p. 328-336
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology Vol. 2 (2010), p. 162-183

International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture, 1(1), 3–10
Materials, 15(2)
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 24, 4242–4257
International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing, 3(1), 40–43
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 377(1)

In order to improve the excellent properties of piezoelectric ceramic materials, mechanical alloying by high energy ball milling was successfully employed to synthesized lead zirconate titanate (PZT).
It has been shown that the chemical reactivity of starting materials could be improved significantly after using this technique.
Previously, there are four major sintering parameters that control the microstructure and properties of PZT ceramic materials which are temperature, heating rate, duration and atmosphere [2].
PbO (Aldrich, 99 %), TiO2 (Merck, 99 %), ZrO2 (Merck, 99 %) and 10 wt % excess PbO were used as starting materials.
Tan, Journal of Material Science Letter, 19 (2000) 1963.

The study of the structures of these elementary particles will contribute to the use of nuclear energy material.
Kramer: The European Physical Journal H 36 (2011) 245
Law: Journal of Geometry and Physics 56 (2006) 2093
Trautman: Journal of Geometry and Physics 58 (2008) 238
Rinaldi: Journal of Geometry and Physics 6 (1989)651

Das: Materials Today, Vol. 6 (2018), pp. 18664-18673 [2] H.
Maity: Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, Vol. 21 (2018), pp. 364-370 [4] F.
Lavernia: Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 16, No. 9 (2001), pp. 2724-2732 [8] S.
Kawasaki: Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 36, No. 12 (2022), pp. 6239-6245 [10] P.R.
Ng: Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, Vol. 4, No. 16 (2020), pp. 1-21