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Materials and Methods Materials.
Acknowledgement This work was partially funded by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science through a National University of Sсience and Technology “MISiS” project RFMEFI58414X0007.
Daud, Designs, formats and applications of lateral flow assay: A literature review, Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 19 (2015) 689-705
Friedman et al., Nanoprobes for intracellular and single cell surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 43 (2012) 817-827

At this level, the heat affects most materials, provoking the spontaneous combustion of some of them and affecting the resistance of others.
The above materials including cement, silica fume, steel fiber, crushed gravel, SP, and water were used to make the pervious concrete mixtures with zero-inch slump.
[7] Lee, M., Huang, T., Huang, Y., Peng, C., and Su, Y., "Preliminary Study of Pervious Concrete on Pavement and Seawall," Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 249-259 (2017)
S., “Effect of Temperature on Compressive Strength of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete,” Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, Vol. 22, No.2, pp. 233-238 (2019).

The basic idea is to introduce a type of virtual material whose density varies in the range of [0, 1].
The continuous structure is then dispersed into a continuous finite element model, the density of each element is used as the design variables, and thus the structural topology optimization problem is transformed into the optimal distribution problem of unit materials.
In this method, unit materials are assumed as isotropic and the micro-structure and additional homogenization process are not necessary, which is more applicable for solving the dynamic topology optimization problems of three-dimensional continuous structures.
Zhao, “Topology Optimization Design for Noise Reduction in a Truck Cab Interior,” Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2008, pp.113-116(in Chinese)
Sun, “Structure Topology Optimization Design of Radiation Cooling Support Structure Based on HyperWorks /OptiStruct,” Science Technology and Engineering, Vol.11, 2010, pp.2803-2806(in Chinese)

2��GDW�RQ�5DWH�RI�0D�QHV�D�&DUERQ�5HIUDFWRU�� ��W��$�XP�QXP�$GG�W�YH� Hiroyuki Sunayama1,a and Masayasu Kawahara2,b 1,2 Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science,Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555,Japan a sunayama@alpha.msre.kumamoto-u.ac.jp b kawahara@alpha.msre.kumamoto-u.ac.jp Keywords: magnesia-carbon refractory, aluminum powder additive, oxidation rate, MgO·Al2O3 spinel, dense layer Abstract.
Introduction Magnesia-carbon refractories are important materials for linings of the converter and the RH degasser in the steelmaking industry.
Raw Grain size Proportion of MgO (mass %) materials (mm) S5-3A S5-3 � � 3.0-1.0 30 30 MgO 1.0-0.5 20 20 � � <0.5 45 45 Graphite � � 5 5 Aluminum � � 2 0 addition � � � � � � 2.
The grain size distributions of the raw materials and the chemical compositions of MgO-C refractories are listed in Table 1.
Herron: Journal of the American Ceramic Society Vol.55 (1972), p.1

Research of Dispersant Quantity in Each Stage of Grinding Calcium Carbonate Dewei Chen1, a, Xiaoling Ge1, b, Quentin Shi2, c and Yu Tian2, d 1School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China 2Shanghai Dongsheng New Materials Co., Ltd.
Raw materials: 325 mesh GCC; 30% Sodium polyacrylate dispersant solution, Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent.
The grinding media is alumina ball which diameter is 2mm, the rotation speed of grinding is 600r/min, the ratio of grinding media to material is 1:3, the solid content is 70%, the ratio of dispersant to GCC is 1.2%, the grinding time is 4 hours.
[4] TURCOTRE D L．Fractals and fragmentation[J]．Journal Of Geophysics Research，1986，91(B2)：1921-1926
Granular Materials Under High-Stress Mechanical Properties of One-Dimensional (I): Compression Properties [J].

For the shells which are made of one type of materials the whole entity, the frame stiffness is equivalent to cross section inertia moment.
Applying this method to the shells of different length, materials and number of frames, the same conclusion can be obtained.
The material of the pressure shell is Tc4.
The material of the pressure shell is Tc4.
[3] X.T.Wang and J.P.Xu: Journal of Harbin Shipbuilding Engineering institute, Vol.11 (1990) No.2, p. 29.

Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Ag-Cu Supersaturated Solid Solution by Mechanical Alloying Liangfeng LI a , Tai QIU b , Jian YANG c, Yongbao FENG d College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China a liliangfeng2005@163.com bqiutai@njut.edu.cn cyangjian1976@163.com dfengyongbao@163.com Keywords: Mechanical alloying; Solid solution; nanocrystilline; Ag-28Cu Abstract: Nanocrystalline Ag-28Cu supersaturated solid solution is prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) using a planetary ball mill.
Mechanical alloying (MA) process as a solid-state technique has been applied to synthesize nanocrystalline materials, quasi-crystalline phases, amorphous phases, supersaturated solid solutions and steady state or metastable state of intermetallic compounds (IMC) [11].
MA technique shows a good development in the field of advanced materials, such as W-Sn [12], Cr-Mo [13], et. al.
Experimental procedures Elemental powders of silver (Ag≥99.95%, d50=1.5µm) and copper (Cu≥99.8%, d50=21.5µm) were used as the starting materials.
Journal Shanghai Jiaotong University (Sci.), Forum Vol. 11(2006), p.84 [19] J.S.

As the location of rural economy, politic, education and living service, rural environment is the foundation materials conditions of rural economic and social sustainable, stable and coordinated development.
Internal roads of different materials Figure 2.
The houses in rural areas mainly includes adobe houses, hybrid-structure houses with bricks and wood, hybrid- material house with bricks, cement and sand, reinforced concrete houses.
After the ownership of the land is decided, rural houses were constructed according to the owner’s own idea, so the building materials, building styles and building structures of the houses are different, meanwhile rural government has little intervene, which leads to the disorder of the rural housing visually (Fig. 4).
Journal of Beijing Communications Management Institute for Executives. 2002.4

Steel material for specimens is ferritic stainless steel; STS430 (similar to AISI type 430).
Japan Industrial Standards (JIS, JIS Z 2241[4]: method of tensile test for metallic materials and JIS G 4321[5]: stainless steel for building structure) specify that the yield strength is defined by 0.1% offset method for stainless steel.
Fu is tensile stress and Fy is yield stress of steel material.
References [1] Jin-seong LIM, Tae-soo KIM, Seung-hun KIM : Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), DOI : 10.1631(2012)
[4] Japan Industrial Standards(JIS) : Method of tensile test for metallic materials, Japan Industrial Standards, JIS Z 2241(2010)

By influence of the wave, surface microstructure of material is changed, and residual stress is produced in a big depth.
The material of blade was 65Mn steel, its elasticity modulus was 208 GPa, and poisson ratio was 0.288.
(2)With the effect of LSP, the blade surface layer material's residual stress increases obviously, and the maximum tensile stress reaches 412.25 MPa.
Yang: Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures.
Hong, and Smith Mark T.: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.