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· The material and geometrical behaviour of the pipe is linear and isotropic
Fig. 2. illustrates the crucial inputs for fatigue analysis which are: material properties, local stress properties and loading history.
RQC-100 steel material properties and pipe dimensions are shown in Table 1.
It can be concluded that the period of stress build-up takes longer time than stress damping period in the pipe's material for all simulated slug cases.
Sasanka, "Fatigue Life Prediction of a Parabolic Spring under Non-constant Amplitude Proportional Loading using Finite Element Method," International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 46 (2012) 143-156.

Introduction The prospect of combining silicon carbide (SiC) with more traditional-type semiconductor materials like Si [1-3] and Ge [4] is a research area growing popular due to the prospect of monolithically integrating power devices with more traditional control electronics.
This means that there are fewer carriers available for current transport at room temperature and it is more difficult to achieve a high doping concentration in comparison to other semiconductor materials such as silicon.
Since the intrinsic carrier concentrations depend exponentially on the bandgap energy, a small difference in the bandgap energy between the n-type and p-type material may cause a significant difference between the electron and hole current.
The authors gratefully appreciate financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Consolider RUE (CSD2009-00046).
Grasby, Microelectronics Journal, 38, 1233 (2007)

The whole bridge structure model is shown in figure 2.And make the following basic assumptions: (1)The adhesives between strengthening layer and the original structure is good; (2) Keep flat material deformation; (3) Does not consider the stress of the steel bar.
Fig.2 Finite element model of Structural Material parameters.
Old main arch ring, abdomen arch ring, retaining wall and pier are composed by mortar rubble, increased cross sections adopt C30 concrete, material physical and mechanical indexes are as follows: (1)The main arch ring, abdomen arch ring, retaining wall, pier: E=5.61×109Pa.Thermal expansion coefficient: α=8.00E-06,fcd=2.67×106Pa,ftmd=3.00×105Pa; (2) Concrete of C30 that use to reinforce the main arch ring: E=3.00×1010Pa.Thermal expansion coefficient: α=1.00E-05,fcd=1.10×107Pa,ftmd=1.04×106Pa;fvd=2.09×106Pa.
Table2 The positive stress of old main arch before and after reinforcement（1×106Pa） The thickness of reinforced（m） Arch feet in small stake Before After 1/4Cross Before After 1/2 Cross Before After 3/4 Cross Before After Arch feet in large stake Before After Strength of materials 0.15 -1.49/0.02 -2.62 -0.71 -2.20 -0.31 -1.85 -0.69 -2.15 -1.39 -2.62 -2.67/0.3 0.17 -2.58 -2.02 -1.72 -2.00 -2.58 0.19 -2.46 -1.85 -1.65 -1.78 -2.46 0.21 -2.34 -1.63 -1.23 -1.61 -2.34 0.23 -2.28 -1.42 -1.14 -1.36 -2.28 0.25 -2.20 -1.20 -1.05 -1.17 -2.02 0.27 -2.08 -1.08 -1.03 -1.08 -2.08 0.29 -2.06 -1.06 -1.02 -1.03 -2.06 0.31 -2.04 -1.01 -1.00 -1.01 -2.04 0.33 -2.03 -1.00 -1.10 -0.95 -2.03 0.35 -2.11 -1.26 -1.18 -1.25 -2.11 Table 2 indicates that trend of the stress decrease quickly when the main arch ring thickness of reinforcement between 0.15 m to 0.25 m, and stress value decreasing trend is moderate between 0.25 m to 0.35 m, layer reinforcement effect is not
Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University: Natural science edition,2008,27（1）; 20- 23

Nadeina1 1National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia, 634050, Tomsk 2Institute of Strength Physics and Material Science SB RAS, Russia, Tomsk azhursp@yandex.ru Keywords: electrospark dispersion, titanium, physicochemical properties, fine-dispersed powder, phase composition.
Advanced Materials Research. 872 (2014) 74–78
Martyushev, Production of Powders by the Method of Electrospark Dispersion Key Engineering Materials 685 (2015) 710-714
Journal of applied physics. 95(3) (2004) 823-829.

Wear of materials results in a very high economic loss to every country.
It have been of great concern to advance the properties of existing materials and to develop new materials capable of giving better in service performance of components to the designed functions.
Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 9, (2009), pp. 715-727
Published by ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, U.S.A., (2003), pp. 291-299
Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 346, (2003), pp. 237-245

Materials and methods Substrates and inoculum Cotton stalks (variety Gossypium hirsutum Linn Zhong 35), were harvested in early November 2011 from the cotton field in Xinjiang Alaer, China.
The digestion materials were stirred, and daily biogas production, methane production were examined.
Scanning electron microscopy of original materials and digested residues The digested cotton stalks were dried under the temperature of 80℃, used for scanning electron microscopy.
Lv: Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology Vol. 33 (2002), p.495-497, 505 (In Chinese) [12] H.
Cao: Food Science, Vol. 32 (2011), p. 192-197 (In Chinese) [15] P.

Multilayered materials and coating are complex structures proposed among others to face the structural requirements of ceramics.
The sequential methods have allowed to fabricate multilayers and graded materials.
Sglavo: Science 283 (1999), 1295 [10] C.
Lange: Science 286 (1999), 102 [13] M.
Ikeda: Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), 983 [57] A.

Material properties of H-shape steel and steel bar are shown in Table 2.
Since the beam flange didn't yield, the material strength was not fully used.
Journal of Building Structure, 24, 31-35 (in Chinese)
Journal of Engineering Mechanics,20,65-69(in Chinese)
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 31, 3-30.

Meanwhile, the parameters of gating system are closely related to the structure of mold, production parameter, and the physical property parameters of materials.
Materials and Design, Vol. 28 (2007), p. 1467-1476
Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 46 (2010), p. 170-175
Polymer Engineering Science, Vol. 39 (1999), p. 375-384
Statistics Science (1989), p. 409-435

There has been growing interest in spin [9-12] and magnetic field effects (MFE) [13-23] in these materials.
In addition to its potential applications, OMAR poses a significant scientific puzzle since it is, to the best of our knowledge, the only known example of large room temperature magnetoresistance in non-magnetic materials with the exception of narrow-gap high-mobility materials [28].
In intrinsic charge generation, the charges are produced by the dissociation of excitons generated by the photoexcitation in the bulk material without any aid from impurity levels.
The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time of 13 C and 1H in organic materials can be as large as several minutes [32].
Rose, Journal of Applied Physics, 42, 2823-2830, 1971