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Sustainable Porous Materials for Gas Adsorption Applications; A Concise Review Chan Wai Hoong1,a, Mazlee Mohd Noor1,b, Zainal Arifin Ahmad2,c, Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin1,d, Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak3,e, Muhammad Shahar Jusoh4,f 1Sustainable Engineering Cluster, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia 2School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia 3Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia 4School of Business Innovation and Technopreneurship, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia achanwaihoong88@gmail.com, bmazlee@unimap.edu.my, czainal@eng.usm.my, dsbaharin@unimap.edu.my, eazlanishak@perlis.uitm.edu.my, shahar@unimap.edu.my Keywords: adsorption, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, metal organic framework, porous ceramics, adsorbent, activated carbon, clay.
Takahashi, Effect of surfactants on the microstructure and some intrinsic properties of porous building ceramics fabricated by gelcasting, Ceramics International. 32 7 (2006) 797-802
Yamada, Application of the powder of porous titanium carbide ceramic to a reusable adsorbent for environmental pollutants, Journal of Hazadous Materials. 185 2-3 (2011) 725-731
Kemps, Different methods to synthesize ceramic foams, Journal of the European Society. 29 (2009) 829-832
Lee, Simultaneous removal of SOx and NOx by catalytic cordierite filter, Key Engineering Materials, 317-318 (2006) 465-468

Slight striations marks may appear. q = 4 Striation free for most of engineering materials. q = 5 Best surface finish.
Jorge, Processing and properties of AA7075/porous SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 composite, JAMME, International Journal of Achievement in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 54 1 (2012) 7-15
Wang – a review on abrasive waterjet and electrical discharge machining – high speed, The Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 5 (2011)178-185
Silva, Thixoinfiltration: a new approach to produce cellular and other low density metallic materials, Journal of Achievements in Mechanical and Engineering Manufacturing 34 (2010) 180-187
Kim, Machinability of Engineering Materials in Abrasive Water Jet Machining, International Journal of Water Jet Technology 2 (1995) 103-110

Hutmacher, Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage, Biomaterials.21 (2000) 2529-2543
Hench, Biorceramics: From concept to clinic, Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 74 (1991) 1487-1510
Boccaccini, Bone tissue engineering therapeutics-controlled drug delivery in three dimensional scaffolds, Journal of the royal society interface. 7 (2010) 209-227
Basu, A porous hydroxyapatite scaffold for bone tissue engineering: Physico-mechanical and biological evaluations, Ceramics International. 38 (2012) 341-349
Canuto, Development of glass–ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Characterisation, proliferation of human osteoblasts and nodule formation, Acta Biomaterialia. 3 (2007) 199-208

Design Optimization of a Dual Function Piezoelectric Actuator Yang Bai1, Safakcan Tuncdemir2, Jian Wang1, Jifeng Guo1 and Kenji Uchino2 1 College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China 2 International Center for Actuators and Transducers, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 Keywords: Optimization; Piezoelectric actuator; Ultrasonic motor; Mathematical model; Loss factor Abstract: An optimization algorithm on the stator design of a dual function piezoelectric actuator was described in this paper.
The effects of the design parameters, such as the length of the transmitting section (l2), ceramics thickness (b), ceramics width (wp), the beam thickness (a) and the ceramics angle (α), on the output characteristics are studied, respectively.
APC-841 (provided by APC International, Ltd.) and brass are selected as the piezoelectric and metal material, respectively.
Uchino: Design of Translation Rotary Ultrasonic Motor with Slanted Piezoelectric Ceramics, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 50, p. 027301, 2011
Uchino: Derivation of Piezoelectric Losses from Admittance Spectra, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 48, p. 041401, 2009

Li, in: Concrete Construction Engineering Handbook, editted by E.
Lin, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 12 (2000), p 147-156
Mishra, Journal of American Ceramics Society, Vol. 79 (1996), p 74-78
Hashida, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 79 (1996), p.74-78
Zhang, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 17 (2005), p 144-152

Effects of Grain sizes and Impurities on Thermal Conductivity in Aluminum Nitride Xue-mei Cai1a*, Qian-neng Zhou1a , Jing-mei Wang1a , Bao-ying Wang2 1College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China a*email: caixm@cqupt.edu.cn 2Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering,Chongqing 401331，China Key words: aluminum nitride, thermal conductivity, grain sizes, oxygen impurities Abstract.
The oxygen contents are 0.05 wt. % and the grain size is 8μm in this ceramic.
Journal of Materials Research, 5 (1990) 1763
Klemens, International Journal of Thermophysics, 8[6] (1987) 737
Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 119[1388] (2011) 291

Amazonas 5253, Nova Suíça, 30480-000, Belo Horizonte, 2 Department of Electrical Engineering /UFMG, 3IUT-1, Grenoble, 39-41, Boulevard Gambetta, 38000, France; 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering /UFMG, Av.
The samples were characterized using XRD and XRF at the Analytical Laboratory of Engineering Materials, CEFET-MG.
Ceramics International 38 (2012) 2145–2151 [3] M.
Ferreira, A non-destructive method to assess delamination of ceramic tiles, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 27 (2007) 1631–1636
Eduardo, Methodology for Automatic Process of the Fired Ceramic Tile's Internal Defect Using Infrared Images and ANN, Journal of Brazilian Society of Mechanical Science & Egineering. 33 (2011)

Zhang, Biocorrosion behavior of magnesium alloy in different simulated fluids for biomedical application, Materials Science and Engineering C 29 (2009) 1691–1696 [4].
Fu, Effects of α/β ratio in starting powder on microstructure and mechanical properties of silicon nitride ceramics, Ceramics International 28 (2002) 279–281 [12].
Phulé, The Science And Engineering Of Materials, International Student Ed., Cengage Learning, Ohio, 2008 [15].
Surappa, Fabrication and characterisation of pure magnesium-30 vol.% SiCP particle composite, Materials Science and Engineering A276 (2000) 108–116 [21].
Khalil, A New-Developed Nanostructured Mg/HAp Nanocomposite by High Frequency Induction Heat Sintering Process, International Journal of Electrochemical Science 7 (2012) 10698 – 10710 [24].

A mechanical model is proposed to estimate internal stress during sintering of ceramic multiphase laminates.
Various laminated structures can be found in a lot of ceramic products such as thin film/substrate systems in semi-conductor devices, multilayer capacitors and inductors, ceramic gas sensors, piezoelectric actuators, thermal barrier coating on gas turbine blades, ceramic coating on machining tools, electrodes in solid oxide fuel cell, glass-lining, and enamelware etc. [1] This type of structure is also an effective method to improve toughness of ceramic materials by crack defection and crack branching at the interfaces between the layers [2].
References [1] The Ceramics Society of Japan Ed., Advanced Ceramic Technologies & Products, Springer, 2012
Lv, A Model for Stress History during Sintering of Ceramic Laminates, Mater.
Wakashima, The Stress and Strains in a Thick-walled Tube of Functionally Graded Materials under Uniform Thermal Loading, International Journal of Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 36 (1993) 156-162

Köse Dokuz Eylül University, Engineering Faculty, Mining Engineering Department, 35100 Bornova- İZMİR/TURKEY Keywords: Production Cost Index, Laspeyres, Ceramic clay, Cost Estimate Abstract.
Besides there are many particular sectoral indexes formed and published in the international journals.
For instance, Nelson Refinery Construction Cost Index (NR), Engineering News-Record (ENR) Building and Construction Cost Indexes, Marshall and Swift Cost Indexes (M&S), Mining Cost Service (MCS) Indexes; wage rates for various industries; as well as indices for various types of equipment, materials, and commodities.
Administrative Expenses (Salaries and expenses of officers and stuff) Benefits and Services provided Outside the Firms (Elektricity, transportation, technical service and engineering etc.)
Metalurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc ,Newyork 1984)