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PVDF piezoelectric films are new, valuable materials for sensing application and have attracted people's attention due to their excellent characteristics (e.g. high piezoelectric coefficient, good flexibility, light weight, easy affixation, wide frequency range, etc.)
Recently, PVDF piezoelectric sensors have been applied in numerous fields[2,3], for instance, structural health monitoring, smart material and structure, various force sensors, etc.
Stresses along longitudinal direction (i.e., z direction) at point 1 and point 2 are obtained as PcbQaPz δ σ −−=1 (1) PcbQaPz δ σ ++=2 (2) where a ,b and c are constants which depend on material properties and geometry size of the rail.
Chen: Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures Vol. 11(2000), p.713-724 [4] Y.
Song: China Association for Science and Technology Vol. 4(2007), p.245-248 PVDF sensor 135m Charge amplifer Data acquisition PC computer

Nowadays, C60 as a kind of conductive polymer semiconductor material, which combines a range of electronic and optical properties with easy processing, are employed in various areas.
It is well known that the high-Tc superconductivity in alkali-doped fullerenes had been discovered in 1991 [2], which had aroused considerable interest in technological and scientific applications of fullerene-based materials in over past decades.
Based on other organic materials like CuPc or ZnPc as donor and fullerene as acceptor, photovoltaic cells depend intimately on electronic and optical properties of C60 thin films.
Acknowledgments This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (Grants No 4102014) and PHR (IHLB) References [1] H.
Cheng: Chinese Journal of Semiconductors Vol. 22 (2001), p. 299 (in Chinese)

Citation & Copyright (to be inserted by the publisher ) Improvements in the reverse characteristics of 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes by hydrogen treatments Dae Hwan Kim 1, Hoon Joo Na 1, Sang Young Jung 1, In Bok Song 1, Myung Yoon Um 1, Ho Keun Song 1, Jae Kyeong Jeong 1, Jae Bin Lee 2 and Hyeong Joon Kim 1 1 School of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea 2Sangshin elecom Co.
Introduction Superior material properties make silicon carbide (SiC) a very promising candidate for high-power and high frequency devices [1].
(a) Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 In the case of C2 =0, where the Dit is ∞, the Fermi level at the interface is pinned by the surface state at the value φo above the valence band.
Sochacki et al: Diamond and Related Materials, Vol.11 (2002), p. 1263 [9] Q.

Cutting forces of every element at flank edge can be expressed as[9]: (1) Where is the shear yield strength of cutting material; is the instantaneous uncut chip thickness; slant angle of cutting speed is denoted as ; is the angle between x-axis and projection of F vector at normal plane; is the angle between F vector and the normal plane; is the angle between shear velocity and vector normal to cutting edge at normal plane; is the angle between xy plane and F vector.
Material model behavior is defined according to specific parameters as follows, carbide material, density: 14.8e-6kg/mm3, Young modulus: 600Gpa, Poisson ratio: 0.33.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 50975053 and 51175096).
[3] M.Cemal CAKIR,Yahya ISIK: Finite element analysis of cutting tools prior to fracture in hard turning operations[J].Materials & Design, Vol. 26(2005), p.105-112
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 57(2011), p.859-870

Study of Flotation Deinking of Old Magazine and Mixed Office Waste Paper Ronggang Li1, a, Xiaofeng Xie1, b and Chuanshan Zhao1, c 1 Key Lab. of Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Polytechnic University, Jinan, 250353, China alrg923@163.com, bsd_xiexf@163.com, cppzcs78@163.com Keywords: flotation deinking; old magazine (OMG); mixed office waste paper (MOW) Abstract.
Experimental Materials.
The raw material used in this study was taken from a paper corporation.
Flotation rate constant K is convenient for comparing the relative floatability of different materials under a given set of conditions.
International Journal of Mineral Progressing, 1999, 56(1), 277-316.

The beam is made of two distinctive material layers, with Young's moduli E2 and E3 and thicknesses, H2 and H3, respectively.
The material properties of carbon/epoxy are taken from Ref. [10].The beam is of 280 mm in length and 3 mm in thickness.
Effect of delamination of axially loaded homogeneous laminated plates, AIAA Journal, (1985), pp. 1437-1444. 4.
Buckling analysis of tri-layer beams with overlapped delaminations, J Composite Materials, Vol. 39, No.2, (2005), pp. 109-125. 10.
Failure of delaminated interply hybrid composite plates under compression, Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 61, (2001), pp. 1513-1527. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0.075 0.175 0.275 NBS 2 P/Pcr a=0.3 a=0.2 a=0.4 a=0.6 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0.15 0.35 0.55 0.75 b/L P/Pcr 1. a=0.1L 2. a=0.3L 3. a=0.4L 4. a=0.5L 5. a=0.6L 1 2 3 4 5 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.25 0.45 0.65 NAS 2 P/Pcr 1.

In order to overcome the disadvantages of the native cellulose such as cotton, high degree of molecular crystallinity of about 70%, low molecular accessibility and low grafting yields, Tong Zheng et al. described the polymerization of super absorbent using cellulose in regenerated pulp as a raw material on which acrylic acid and sodium acrylate were grafted and its properties [5].
Materials and Methods Materials.
Chen: Journal of Harbin University of Commerce Natural Sciences Edition Vol. 18 (2002), p. 192 (in Chinese) [6] Y.

Introduction Epoxies are recognized as a high performance polymer materials and extensively used in the manufacture of high strength light body structure, especially in the aerospace and aircraft applications [1].
Although nanoparticles have good thermal and mechanical properties, nanoparticles filled polymer systems (called nanocomposites) have not yet met their full potential as advanced engineering materials.
The attractiveness of clay is due to its high ion exchange capacity, low cost, high aspect ratio and commonly developed which makes it workable to achieve a nanostructure from micron size filler as a starting material [2].
Daniel, Mechanical and thermal behavior of clay/epoxy nanocomposites, Composites Science and Technology 66 (2006) 2415–2422
Ismail, Characterization of polypropylene-clay nanocomposite structure by using XRD technique, Journal of Mechanical Engineering, FKM UiTM, 6 (2009) 27-40

Coupled Heat Transfer Analysis of Interlayer Active Cooling Barrel of Large Caliber Gun Based on CFX PENG Songjiang1, a, WANG Xiaohui2,b and YU Cungui3,c 1No. 713 Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Zhengzhou 450015, Henan, China 2The 702 Research Institute, CSIC, Wuxi 214082, Jiangsu, China 3Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu, China appssjj713@tom.com, bkingofmiaomiao@126.com, cyu_cungui@sina.com Keywords: Large caliber rapid-fire naval gun, Coupled heat transfer, Active cooling, interlayer cooling Abstract.
Naval Gun barrel computational domain; The barrel material parameters are density ,specific heat and thermal conductivity which is functions of temperature .
The inner chamber gas is assumed as an ideal mixture, such that the thermodynamic and transferring properties of the mixture can be calculated from the weighted average of mass fractions of the constituent materials[3].
Then the thermodynamic and transferring properties of the inner chamber gas can be determined by the weighted average of mass fractions of the constituent materials.
Journal of Gun Launch & Control, 2008(1), p.65-68

The two models are drawn as the actual dimensions and loads, and there are only few input data needed such as cross-sectional area, material properties, moment of inertia, and so on
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. 2006
Journal of Iron and Steel Research. 2006, 18(07): 14-19.