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There was considerable scatter in the hardness data, with values deviating by ±10 HV from the average (Fig. 5a).
To ensure that the scatter was not caused by localized Al2O3 particles, Rockwell hardness (HRB) data was also obtained (Fig. 5b), and it was observed that the hardness was in the 80~90 HRB range, with a significant reduction in the scatter.
Although the tensile properties of these composites are affected by a number of concurrent and mutually interactive influences, several insights can be drawn from the data.
Thirdly, Figure 18 shows that, despite considerable scatter in the data, the yield and tensile strengths of the pure Al composites with comparable volume fraction of particulate generally increases with decreasing particle size.
It should be noted that the data for particle sizes below 100 nm correspond to materials with a fairly low volume fraction of particulate and even in this case an increase in the strength can be seen with an increase in particulate volume fraction.

More generally, the outcome is some combination of energy consumption reduction and improvement of life quality.
Clinch et al. [22] have proven that the rebound effect will, by its nature, diminish over time as the housing stock achieves a higher level of comfort by energy efficiency improvement (see Fig.2), by using time-series data on residential energy consumption in Ireland.
However, the findings regarding the rebound effect in the household energy efficiency of China and its related influence on energy demand and energy security are only perceived without direct data proof.
Hence, in the future, we will collect the relevant data to prove the existence of the high rebound effect with more accurate value.
Liu, “Rebound effect of energy consumption due to technological progress: empirical analysis based on provincial panel data in China,” Resource Science, vol. 30(9), pp. 1300-1306, 2008.

There is still insufficient data from the excavation of smelting furnaces dated to the Joseon Dynasty.
This process would have had the effect of pre-reduction, among others.
Not much data exists as to the production of cast ironware in the Chungju region.
As only analysis data on iron bars exists at this time, further research into intermediary materials is required.
Archaeological and scientific studies into these sites need to continue, and experimental archeology studies carried out based on accumulated research data will able to enhance the general level of research.

To obtain required accuracy of data transfer between scale levels, 3 windows (0.5×0.4 mm with 100 elements) were included to mesh the rod cross section.
At this point, in the real production at OJSC "MMK-Metiz" reduction of 1-2 mm and die angle of 18 degrees are used.
RVE shows the theoretical possibility of 1.5 time’s increase of reduction with relatively homogenous deformation of the whole rod cross-section.
Influence of reduction degree on the distribution of compressive radial stresses and strains in the central layer Fig. 10.
Therefore, the SSRVE concept was applied in the present paper and the following goals were reached: 1) simplifying and automating the process of creating a microstructure model; 2) reduction of the computing time; 3) reduction of the required computational resources.

Fig. 2 shows reduction currents obtained from Sb-SPCE and Bi-SPCE electrodes.
It was found that increasing pH value caused a decrease in the reduction peak.
However, the reduction peak current was highest at pH 4.0 as shown in Fig. 5.
Briefly, 100 mg.L-1 MT in BR (pH 4.0) containing 12 mg.L-1 of Sb as a catalyst with a selected deposition potential of 1 V (data not shown) was carried out to examine the effect of deposition time on Sb-SPCE.
However, increasing deposition time over 90 s caused a decrease in the reduction peak current.

However, this approach results it difficult separation of catalyst and the reduction product.
There are two reasons to explain these data.
Secondly, annealing can remove some functional groups, but it is not a complete reduction.
UV-assisted photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide, ACS Nano 2 (2008) 1487-1491
Mohatashamifar, Photodegradation of graphene oxide sheets by TiO2 nanoparticles after a photocatalytic reduction, J.

Data obtained by this method are of use only in predicting the behaviour of these pipes under condition of temperature, time, method of loading and stress situation.
A notable reduction in elastic modulus occurred at 100% of UEWS (180MPa), when possibly cracks start to develop parallel to the fibres, the reduction was approximately 14% of the virgin pipe.
Reduction in elastic modulus of the filament wound pipe under 2H:1A stress ratio during UEWS test .
At 65°C the strength is generally reduced, with the greatest reduction occurring in the axial load sector, which was about 10%.
This reduction has shrank the failure envelope towards the origin (see fig. 5).

TPST Piyungan encountering problem when the quantity of the incoming waste was not proportional to the reduction of the waste in its final processing.
The WtE technology gives additional uses of decreasing need for landfill area, waste quantity reduction, the reduction of the long distance transportation cost to the integrated waste management site, and the reduction of environmental pollution resulting from the waste processing [9].
Knowledge of Proper Waste Processing Method (left), Opinion of the Best Waste Processing Method (right), Perception of Advanced Waste Processing (Below) (Source: Primary Data, 2019) The majority of the waste pickers in many countries are females, children, and elderly people [12], as well as in TPST Piyungan.
Thermal technology were proposed as alternative in waste processing because of its economic feasibility and require less area with optimal waste reduction percentage [17].
Budhijanto, Municipal Solid Waste Management in Indonesia - A Study about Selection of Proper Solid Waste Reduction Method in D.I.

DoE is used for the optimization of processes by acquisition of control, interference and properties data [5].
The relevant machine data are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Relevant generator data of the generator Agietron Spirit 2 Open voltage U0 Min. discharge current ie Min. discharge time te Discharge capacitance Ce Min. discharge energy We Possible dielectrics 60 V up to 250 V 0.8 A 100 ns 0.2 nF up to 116 nF 0.5 µJ gas, oil, deionized water The lower and upper value limits of factors used for the experimental design are presented in Table 2.
It leads to a reduction of machining time tero of 17 % due to an increase of the discharge frequency fe and thus to an increase of the MRR VW.
The displacement a and voltage U data were synchronically measured and saved to a computer by using the scope of the type PicoScope 3405D by Pico Technology.

The main goal of developing environmentally friendly products is the reduction of the environmental impact of the product.
Tyteca et al [15] indicated that there are three main categories of environmental performance indicator (EPI) namely, physical indicators focusing on material and energy inputs and outputs from production process, business/management indicators focusing on linking physical aspects of environmental performance to information on business performance, and impact indicators relating physical output data such as emission to potential environmental impact like global warming.
This stage could provide a set of appropriate data to identify the fundamental environmental problems and main causes of the problem.
The main goal of this stage is to assess and study the collected data and information in order to identify the main causes and sources of variability.
Lim, Fuzzy FMEA with a guided rules reduction system for prioritization of failures.