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Online since: December 2012
Authors: Liang Huang, Yu Bo Zhao, Pan Chen, Lu Zeng, Weimin zheng, Jun Xia Peng
As a result, cutting down CO2 emission from cement industry is a practical measure to carry out Chinese carbon dioxide emission reduction responsibility and an important guarantee to cement industry’s sustainable development in China.
The premise of the carbon dioxide emission reduction in cement industry is to calculate its CO2 emission precisely.
In this article the input-output analysis model and plant’s input and output data are used to work out relevant carbon dioxide accounting model, through this way, it bring out highly operable carbon dioxide accounting model and low-carbon plan model, in order to provide theory evidence and resolution suggestions to cement industry’s carbon dioxide emission reduction.
The result given by Yu Lei[4] was a Table 6 Comparison of carbon dioxide emission per unit cement product Data Sources Carbon emission per unit(t CO2/t cement) This Text 0.689 Yu Lei,2011 0.643 Zhu Songli,2000 0.732 Worrel et al.,2001 0.883 WBCSD,2002 0.900 He Hongtao & Yuan Wenxian,2005 0.671 Cui Suping & Liu Wei,2008 0.654 Wang Lan,2009 0.653 little low, the reason may be that their research did not contain the indirect carbon dioxide emission made by electricity consumption, which can be 0.1 ton/ per unit cement (ton).
As a result, the carbon dioxide emission reduction measures should be implemented intensively in cement clinker’s firing.
The premise of the carbon dioxide emission reduction in cement industry is to calculate its CO2 emission precisely.
In this article the input-output analysis model and plant’s input and output data are used to work out relevant carbon dioxide accounting model, through this way, it bring out highly operable carbon dioxide accounting model and low-carbon plan model, in order to provide theory evidence and resolution suggestions to cement industry’s carbon dioxide emission reduction.
The result given by Yu Lei[4] was a Table 6 Comparison of carbon dioxide emission per unit cement product Data Sources Carbon emission per unit(t CO2/t cement) This Text 0.689 Yu Lei,2011 0.643 Zhu Songli,2000 0.732 Worrel et al.,2001 0.883 WBCSD,2002 0.900 He Hongtao & Yuan Wenxian,2005 0.671 Cui Suping & Liu Wei,2008 0.654 Wang Lan,2009 0.653 little low, the reason may be that their research did not contain the indirect carbon dioxide emission made by electricity consumption, which can be 0.1 ton/ per unit cement (ton).
As a result, the carbon dioxide emission reduction measures should be implemented intensively in cement clinker’s firing.
Online since: September 2018
Authors: Arthur Kh. Kagermazov
The grouping variable is AAL2 which has two values: 0 (absence of hail), 1(hail fallout).
43 cases with hail and hail were considered, all these data were involved in discriminant analysis.
From data of the table 2 "results of classification" it is visible that the studied group "without hail" (0) consists of 29 cases.
Summary Multidimensional physical and statistical schemes, which have been trained both on the basis of the concept of "ideal" PP-prediction (actual data) and the concept of output data of the global atmosphere model (MOS concept) has been developed.
Kanamitsu, Description of the NMC global data assimilation and forecast system, J.
Kagermazov, Forecast of hail on the output data of the global atmosphere model (T254 NCEP).
From data of the table 2 "results of classification" it is visible that the studied group "without hail" (0) consists of 29 cases.
Summary Multidimensional physical and statistical schemes, which have been trained both on the basis of the concept of "ideal" PP-prediction (actual data) and the concept of output data of the global atmosphere model (MOS concept) has been developed.
Kanamitsu, Description of the NMC global data assimilation and forecast system, J.
Kagermazov, Forecast of hail on the output data of the global atmosphere model (T254 NCEP).
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Dao Xi Li
G, T, J/B, H/F, M and R represent green stage, tillering stage, jointing/booting stage, heading/flowering stage, milking stage, and ripening stage respectively. b Data show the water depth during green stage. θs1, θs2. and θs3 represent average volumetric soil moisture for the layers of 0-20 cm, 0-30 cm and 0-40 cm respectively.
Calculation and statistical analysis.CH4 concentration of samples was measured using a SP-2000A Gas Chromatograph system (Manufactured by Shandong Lunan Chemical Instrument Co., Ltd) with a flame ionization detector (FID), and CH4 variation rate is determined by linear regression using four CH4 concentration data points and corresponding sampling interval.
Only when the correlation coefficient R2 is larger than 0.9, the slope can be used as for that set of data(Zou et al., 2004;Lu et al., 2000).
Results of paired t-tests on these measured data show that the CH4 fluxes under CI and FI conditions were significantly different (p=0.016<0.05 for 2005 and p=0.000<0.01 for 2006) and the former were far less than the latter.
In this study, a mainstream water-saving rice production system in a key rice area is investigated; the findings provide practical emission mitigation options and data for an accurate estimate of emthane emissions from rice fields in China.
Calculation and statistical analysis.CH4 concentration of samples was measured using a SP-2000A Gas Chromatograph system (Manufactured by Shandong Lunan Chemical Instrument Co., Ltd) with a flame ionization detector (FID), and CH4 variation rate is determined by linear regression using four CH4 concentration data points and corresponding sampling interval.
Only when the correlation coefficient R2 is larger than 0.9, the slope can be used as for that set of data(Zou et al., 2004;Lu et al., 2000).
Results of paired t-tests on these measured data show that the CH4 fluxes under CI and FI conditions were significantly different (p=0.016<0.05 for 2005 and p=0.000<0.01 for 2006) and the former were far less than the latter.
In this study, a mainstream water-saving rice production system in a key rice area is investigated; the findings provide practical emission mitigation options and data for an accurate estimate of emthane emissions from rice fields in China.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Liang Zhao, Ming Shi Chen
Currently implemention of data and information transmission rely mainly on methods of acquiring sEMG signal and force feedback.
Currently implemention of data and information transmission rely mainly on methods of acquiring sEMG signal and force feedback.
It’s also convenient for therapeutist to appraise patient’s training situation by real time monitoring data transmission and storage. 4.
Various existing force feedback data gloves encounter following problems.
Data and Information Transmission Relying on Method of acquiring sEMG signal At the present stage research on sEMG signal can be divided into two aspects in principle.
Currently implemention of data and information transmission rely mainly on methods of acquiring sEMG signal and force feedback.
It’s also convenient for therapeutist to appraise patient’s training situation by real time monitoring data transmission and storage. 4.
Various existing force feedback data gloves encounter following problems.
Data and Information Transmission Relying on Method of acquiring sEMG signal At the present stage research on sEMG signal can be divided into two aspects in principle.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Zuo Long Li, Hui Yang Yu
Discussion on the Distribution of Geothermal Resources related to Urban Planning——Taking Dongying City, Shandong Province as an example
Zuolong Li 1, a,Huiyang Yu2,b
1College of Storage & Transportation and Civil Engineering,China University of Petroleum (Huadong),Qindao 266555,China
2 Urban and Rural Planning Bureau, Dongying,Dongying 257091,China
a lizuolong@upc.edu.cn, b 8331277@163.com
Keywords: Geothermal resources; Town Planning; Environmental benefits; Reduction
Abstract.
Because the energy problem was not particularly outstanding in the past urban planning, there’s no complete data about geothermal energy distribution and the application of geothermal energy was limited.
By 2010, the city's industrial emissions of major air pollutants is of 30% reduction based on the intensity in 2005, the total amount of air pollution control in the target range control plan , of which: sulfur dioxide emissions to the 70,000 tons, dust emissions to the 1.8 million tons, industrial dust emissions to 6,000 tons.
Because the energy problem was not particularly outstanding in the past urban planning, there’s no complete data about geothermal energy distribution and the application of geothermal energy was limited.
By 2010, the city's industrial emissions of major air pollutants is of 30% reduction based on the intensity in 2005, the total amount of air pollution control in the target range control plan , of which: sulfur dioxide emissions to the 70,000 tons, dust emissions to the 1.8 million tons, industrial dust emissions to 6,000 tons.
Online since: September 2003
Authors: Hans-Martin Dudenhausen, Mike Fritzsche, Christiane Streit, Christian Reuss
Application-Specific Wafer Reclaim
Hans-Martin Dudenhausen
1, Mike Fritzsche
2, Christiane Streit3, and Christian
Reuss4
1
isiltec GmbH, Schottkystr. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, hmd@isiltec.com
2
isiltec GmbH, Schottkystr. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, fritzsche@isiltec.com
3
isiltec wafer reclaim GmbH, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 5, 98693 Ilmenau, streit@isiltec.com
4
isiltec wafer reclaim GmbH, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 5, 98693 Ilmenau, reuss@isiltec.com
Keywords: Silicon Wafer, Wafer Reclaim, Cost Reduction
Abstract.
Furthermore, the correction towards completely parallel surfaces on front and back side of the wafer leads to a higher silicon removal and a higher reduction of the wafer thickness.
Analysis of: � Historical wafer-data � Inspection and metrology � Process-simulation Customer request: � Range of application � Quality-specification Application Specific Wafer Reclaim Process Computer supported process configuration Figure 2: Results of defect inspection of reclaimed wafers Wafer Fab Process 1 Application Specific Wafer Reclaim Service Used Wafers (incoming quality 1) Reclaim Wafers (Spec 1: excellent particle spec, relaxed geometry) Process n Used Wafers (incoming quality n) Reclaim Wafers (Spec n: relaxed particle spec, excellent geometry) Product Wafers Product Wafers Product Wafers Product Wafers Figure 3: Application-Specific Wafer Reclaim Service Specific treatment of copper contaminated wafers Copper contaminated wafers demand special attention.
Furthermore, the correction towards completely parallel surfaces on front and back side of the wafer leads to a higher silicon removal and a higher reduction of the wafer thickness.
Analysis of: � Historical wafer-data � Inspection and metrology � Process-simulation Customer request: � Range of application � Quality-specification Application Specific Wafer Reclaim Process Computer supported process configuration Figure 2: Results of defect inspection of reclaimed wafers Wafer Fab Process 1 Application Specific Wafer Reclaim Service Used Wafers (incoming quality 1) Reclaim Wafers (Spec 1: excellent particle spec, relaxed geometry) Process n Used Wafers (incoming quality n) Reclaim Wafers (Spec n: relaxed particle spec, excellent geometry) Product Wafers Product Wafers Product Wafers Product Wafers Figure 3: Application-Specific Wafer Reclaim Service Specific treatment of copper contaminated wafers Copper contaminated wafers demand special attention.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: N. Senthilkumar, T. Tamizharasan, V. Selvakumar
For analaysis in GRA, datas available should be pre-processed into some quantitative datas for the subsequent process of normalizing.
In preprocessing of raw data for comparison, the original data sequence is converted into a decimal sequance that lies between zero to one.
Zero implies no data information and one implies data with full information.
If the data should be of the condition “Higher-the-better”, then original data sequence should be normalized as, (1) where xoi (k) is original raw data sequence, x∗i (k) is data sequence after data preprocessing, max xoi (k) is maximum value of original sequence, and min xoi (k) is the minimum value of original sequence.
When the output response should be “Smaller-the-better” condition, then the data sequence is normalied as: (2) Principal Component Analysis.
In preprocessing of raw data for comparison, the original data sequence is converted into a decimal sequance that lies between zero to one.
Zero implies no data information and one implies data with full information.
If the data should be of the condition “Higher-the-better”, then original data sequence should be normalized as, (1) where xoi (k) is original raw data sequence, x∗i (k) is data sequence after data preprocessing, max xoi (k) is maximum value of original sequence, and min xoi (k) is the minimum value of original sequence.
When the output response should be “Smaller-the-better” condition, then the data sequence is normalied as: (2) Principal Component Analysis.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Dmitry А. Chinakhov, Yu.M. Gotovshchik, Dmitriy P. Il’yaschenko
MAW Productivity development and reduction of its harmful effect on human organisms
D.P.Il’yashchenko а, D.A.Chinakhov, Yu.M.Gotovshchik
Yurga Institute of Technology Tomsk Polytechnic University
Leningradskaya 26, Yurga, Russian Federation, 652055
аmita8@rambler.ru
Keywords: manual arc welding, inverter power supply, welding fumes, coated electrodes.
Power supply Chemical component, % C Si Mn diode rectifier 0.10 0.52 1.03 inverter 0.09 0.60 1.23 Analysis of the experimental data of the chemical composition of the weld joints shows (Table 1, 2) that the inverter power supplies have an effect on chemical composition of the weld joint.
This is indirectly confirmed by the data of the paper [9].
Adaptation of modern welding techniques (use of inverter power sources) and use of local ventilation at every workplace can reduce number of occupational diseases among welders; statistical data are presented in Fig. 2.
Statistics on welders occupational diseases in Yurga (according to data of Yurga Hygiene and Epidemiology Center) 1 – 1990; 2 – 1995; 3 – 2006; 4 – 2007; 5 – 2008; 6 – 2009; 7 – 2010; 8 – 2011; 9 – 2012.
Power supply Chemical component, % C Si Mn diode rectifier 0.10 0.52 1.03 inverter 0.09 0.60 1.23 Analysis of the experimental data of the chemical composition of the weld joints shows (Table 1, 2) that the inverter power supplies have an effect on chemical composition of the weld joint.
This is indirectly confirmed by the data of the paper [9].
Adaptation of modern welding techniques (use of inverter power sources) and use of local ventilation at every workplace can reduce number of occupational diseases among welders; statistical data are presented in Fig. 2.
Statistics on welders occupational diseases in Yurga (according to data of Yurga Hygiene and Epidemiology Center) 1 – 1990; 2 – 1995; 3 – 2006; 4 – 2007; 5 – 2008; 6 – 2009; 7 – 2010; 8 – 2011; 9 – 2012.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Gui Lin Zheng, Zhi Fu Zhang
If it is less than 200, the data in this sampling period is neglected and next sampling cycle starts.
The data is sent to be handled when the value of the ADTIMES is 200.
(3) (4) is the sample data.
Confidence is a parameter used to indicate the reliability of measured data.
If exceeds, sample data will be removed as a bad sample.
The data is sent to be handled when the value of the ADTIMES is 200.
(3) (4) is the sample data.
Confidence is a parameter used to indicate the reliability of measured data.
If exceeds, sample data will be removed as a bad sample.
Online since: February 2015
Authors: T.H.F. Andrade, S.R. de Farias Neto, E.M.A. Pereira, J.V. Silva, A.G. Barbosa de Lima
To determine the value of mass diffusion coefficient (D) according to the air temperature, was used the Arrhenius equation where the parameters a1= 1.2609 m2/h and b1 = - 5385.9 K were obtained by fitting Eq. 3 to the experimental data reported in the literature [11].
(3) Equilibrium moisture content data is essential for the mathematical description of thin-layer drying.
The values of the mass diffusivity used in Eq. 1 were obtained by two different methods: a) by fitting results obtained of the analytical solution of the mass transport equation based on the Fick's second law, considering 9 terms of the series, to experimental data of the bean grain drying at two air temperature (40 and 60°C) and b) by trial and error method minimizing the least squared error between the experimental and numerical data of the average moisture content using ANSYS CFX®.
Already for D = 3.010 x 10-11m2/s and D = 5.623 x10-11m2/s the numerical drying curves fits well to the experimental data.
The fitted values for the diffusion coefficient D = 3.010x10-11 m2/s and D = 5.623x10-11 m2/s were found after several simulations in Ansys CFX software, by minimizing the sum of squared errors between the experimental and numerical data.
(3) Equilibrium moisture content data is essential for the mathematical description of thin-layer drying.
The values of the mass diffusivity used in Eq. 1 were obtained by two different methods: a) by fitting results obtained of the analytical solution of the mass transport equation based on the Fick's second law, considering 9 terms of the series, to experimental data of the bean grain drying at two air temperature (40 and 60°C) and b) by trial and error method minimizing the least squared error between the experimental and numerical data of the average moisture content using ANSYS CFX®.
Already for D = 3.010 x 10-11m2/s and D = 5.623 x10-11m2/s the numerical drying curves fits well to the experimental data.
The fitted values for the diffusion coefficient D = 3.010x10-11 m2/s and D = 5.623x10-11 m2/s were found after several simulations in Ansys CFX software, by minimizing the sum of squared errors between the experimental and numerical data.