Simulating Heat and Mass Transfer in Drying Process: Applications in Grains

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to investigate numerically heat and mass transport during drying of grains with particular reference to bean and rough rice. The proposed mathematical models based on the Fick’s and Fourier’s Laws consider constant physical properties and convective boundary condition at the surface of the solid. The solutions of the governing equations were performed using ANSYS CFX^® software. The grains were regarded as an ellipsoid of revolution. Results of the drying and heating kinetics and moisture content and temperature distributions in the grains along the drying process are presented and analyzed.

• Periodical: Diffusion Foundations (Volume 3)
• Pages: 3-18
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DF.3.3
• Online since: February 2015
• Authors: E.M.A. Pereira, J.V. Silva, T.H.F. Andrade, S.R. de Farias Neto, A.G. Barbosa de Lima
• Keywords: Beans, CFX, Drying, Grains, Numerical, Rough Rice

References

[1] V. L. Meneghetti, E. Aosani, J. C. da Rocha, M. de Oliveira, M. C. Elias, R. S. Pohndorf, Mathematical models for intermittent drying of rice, Braz. J. Agr. Eng. 16, 10 (2012) 1115-1120 (In Portuguese).

DOI: 10.1590/s1415-43662012001000012

[2] P. C. Corrêa, F. S. da Silva, C. Jaren, P. C. Afonso Jr., I. Arana, Physical and mechanical properties in rice processing, J. Food Eng. 79, 1 (2007) 137- 142.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.01.037

[3] T. Yutthana, P. Somkiat, V. Warunee, S. Somchart, Simulation and grain quality for in-store drying of paddy, J. Food Eng. 64, 4 (2004) 405-415.

[4] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Information on www. fao. org.

[5] N. L. de Menezes, S. M. Cícero, F. A. Villela, X-ray to identification of fissures in rice seeds after artificial drying, Sci. Rural. 35, 5 (2005) 1194 - 1196.

[6] A. Cihan, K. Kahveci, O. Hacıhafızoglu, Modeling of intermittent drying of thin layer rough rice, J. Food Eng. 79, 8 (2007) 293-298.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.01.057

[7] G. O. Ondier, T. J. Siebenmorgen, A. Mauromoustakos, Low-temperature, low-relative humidity drying of rough rice, J. Food Eng. 100, 3 (2010) 545-550.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.05.004

[8] A. Iguaz, M. Rodríguez, P. Vírseda, Influence of handling and processing of rough rice on fissures and head rice yields, J. Food Eng. 77, 4 (2006) 803-809.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.08.006

[9] O. Hacıhafızoğlu, A. Cihan, K. Kahveci, Mathematical modelling of drying of thin layer rough rice, J. Food Bioproducts Proc. 86, 4 (2008) 268-275.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2008.01.002

[10] B. Wu, W. Yang, C. Jia, A three-dimensional numerical simulation of transient heat and mass transfer inside a single rice kernel during the drying process, Biosystems Eng., 87, 2 (2004) 191–200.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2003.09.004

[11] J. F. Steffe, R. P. Singh, Diffusion coefficients for predicting rice drying behaviour, J. Agric. Eng. Res. 27, 6 (1982) 489–493.

DOI: 10.1016/0021-8634(82)90087-7

[12] C. A. Zuritz, R. P. Singh, An equation to compute the heat of evaporation of water for rough rice during drying, Drying Tech. 3, 3 (1985) 421-435.

DOI: 10.1080/07373938508916279

[13] M. Fortes, M. R. Okos, J. R. Barrett Jr., Heat and mass transfer analysis of intra-kernel wheat drying and rewetting, J. Agric. Eng. Res. 26, 2 (1981) 109-125.

DOI: 10.1016/0021-8634(81)90063-9

[14] J. Crank, The mathematics of diffusion, Oxford University Press, Oxford, (1975).

[15] E. A. Kazarian, C. W. Hall, Thermal properties of grain, Trans. ASAE (Am. Society Agric. Eng. ). 8, 1 (1965) 33-38.

[16] C. N. Nguyen, O. R. Kunze, Fissures related to post drying treatments in rough rice, Cereal Chem. 61, 1 (1984) 63- 68.

[17] M. Golmohammadi, M. Assar, M. Rajabi-Hamane, Experimental and theoretical investigation of moisture dynamics in intermittent drying of rough rice, J. Chem. Petrol. Eng. 46, 2 (2012) 87- 96.

[18] L. Eichelberger, J. A. Portella, Drying of corn kernels in a fixed bed drier: physical injurie, Pesq. Agrop. Gaúcha. 9, 1- 2 (2003) 85-91 (In Portuguese).