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Economic value of automobiles is a factor which is dominated by the speed and pickup of the vehicle.
Ergonomics 2.1 Initial design While designing the initial frame of car team has studied the various rules and considerations of formula race car 2.2 Manufacturability To reduce the time and money required for fabrication few changes were done like to replace welding by bending .such minor modification would help in improving the strength of the chassis as well as bringing down the time involved. 2.3 Material Selection Mainly the cage to be made with materials equivalent to the following specification: Steel members with at least equal bending stiffness and bending strength to 1010 steel & Tube Grade having a circular cross section with a 2.67 cm OD and a wall thickness of 3 mm (0.118 inch ) with Chemical Properties: C= 0.08-0.13;Mn=0.30-0.60 ; S= 0.05 (max); P=0.04 (max) .mechanical properties: Density (×1000 kg/m3) 7.7-8.03; Poisson's Ratio 0.27-0.3, Elastic Modulus (GPa) 190-210 ;Tensile Strength (Mpa) 365; Yield Strength (Mpa) 305 ; Elongation (%) 20; Reduction in Area (%
However the increase in Yield Strength affects the bending strength.
After considering 1.4 as factor of safety (FOS), design weight was taken as 490 Kg.
Therefore calculating the factor of safety as per the stress: 415 MPa / 47.9 MPa = 8.663, (FOS is greater than 5) Frame weightless than 80kg material: ASTM A106 grade B steel, round tubes used .Max width of roll cage : 800mm max length of the roll cage : 2400mm max height of the roll cage: 1160 mm. 3.1 Design Considerations Self weight of roll cage: 80 kg Other weights on roll cage: Engine: 80 Kg Transmission: 30 Kg Driver: 70 Kg Other weights: 90 KgTotal Weight = 350 Kg Design Weight = 490 Kg. 3.2 Design of roll cage Considering the all above factors such as initial condition, manufacturability and ergonomics the roll cage is design using the modeling software solid works.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have unique optical properties and excellent electronic conductivity.
The photoabsorption of active layer, effective dissociation of excitons, and the transport and collection of free carriers are significant factors affecting the efficiency of PSCs.
Good PSCs are also attributed to the increasing absorption of light by interface design and construction without increasing the thickness of active layer and affecting charge collection.
Graphene has been proposed for many applications in recent years, due to its flexible two-dimensional structure and exceptional physical and chemical properties. [3, 4] Much attention is focused on its application in the field of PSCs because of the excellent electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of graphene.
Results and Discussion PL properties of the RGO solution and GQDs: Figure 1 shows PL spectra of RGO and GQDs, well dispersed in chlorobenzene solvent.

Permagraph of Magnet Physik was used for magnetic properties measumerent.
The RL measurement results as a function of composition · Absorption Characteristics of Ba1-x LaxFe12O19 with x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 The magnetic properties of the Ba1-x LaxFe12O19 samples should affect the characteristics of electromagnetic wave absorption.
Whilst, the shift in absorption frequency is caused by the permeability and permittivity factors and the sample thickness.
Yaw(Rohde&Schwarz), “Measurement of Dielectric Material Properties,” Meas.
Mohsen, “Factors Affecting the Synthesis and Formation of Single-Phase Barium Hexaferrite by a Technique of Oxalate Precursor ”, American Journal of Applied Sciences 7 (2010), 914-921

Impact of alkali treatment and fiber length on mechanical properties of new agro waste Lagenaria Siceraria fiber reinforced epoxy composites.
Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of High Frequency Microwave Treated Plantain (Musa Paradisiacal) Fibre/MWCNT Hybrid Epoxy Nanocomposites.
Improving the antimicrobial and mechanical properties of epoxy resins via nanomodification: An Overview.
Effects of hydrothermal seawater aging on the mechanical properties and water absorption of glass/aramid/epoxy hybrid composites.
Kinetic Studies on Water Absorption properties of Cocoa-pod Epoxy Composites.

In the case of gear fatigue strength design, each country has developed its own standards in addition to the ISO, which provides methods for calculating bending stress and determining the factors affecting stress and fatigue strength [9,11].
For instance, in the bending fatigue strength design of gears, the standards present methods for calculating the bending stress and determining the factors affecting the tooth root stress and fatigue strength [9,11].
If fatigue crack initiation or crack arrest is set as the deciding criterion for fatigue fracture, then the fatigue strength is determined by the mechanical properties of the material and the mechanical conditions within a small range near the critical point.
Thus, the stress gradient can be used as an index to evaluate the mechanical properties at a critical point.
Notches, nominal stresses, fatigue strength reduction factors and constant/ variable amplitude multiaxial fatigue loading.

In the following section the performance of different suture material has been discussed in relation to structural factors, knot factors and material factors.
Structural factors.
Knot related factors.
Material factors.
Mechanical Properties of Implant Materials.

The target aimed in this work is to achieve a comparative study taking into account the type of microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior of these two kinds of materials.
One of their most important efficiency factors is described in terms of wear resistance.
Gavrilovski, Microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-Cr-C-Nb white cast irons, Materials and Design 47 (2013).41-48
Zhang, Below-Ms austempering to obtain refined bainitic structure and enhanced mechanical properties in low-C high-Si/Alsteels, Scr.
Moroz, Factors affecting the wear grinding media during wet ore grinding when the corrosive component of wear is small, ht, Corrosion Forum Devoted Exclusively to the Protection and Performance of Materials, Boston, MA, March 1985

Results which are obtained using the two – phase mixture model indicate that adding the nanoparticles causes changes in the properties of nanofluid and finally increases the temperature of the flow.
However, due to the fact that the effective properties of nanofluids are not known precisely, the numerical predictions of this approach are, in general, not in good agreement with experimental results.
Therefore, the concerns in single phase modeling consist in selecting the proper effective properties for nanofluids and taking into account the chaotic movement of ultra fine particles.
Due to several factors such as gravity, friction between the fluid and solid particles and Brownian forces, the phenomena of Brownian diffusion, sedimentation, and dispersion may coexist in the main flow of a nanofluid.
The physical properties of the fluid are assumed constant except for the density in the body force, which varies linearly with the temperature (Boussinesq’s hypothesis).

Environmental factors on the durability of FRP bars The current study on durability of FRP reinforced is mainly on experiments and the accelerated corrosion test [1].
The method is to put deteriorated factors of natural environmental on the specimen in order to improve the velocity of environmental effect on the specimen properties, so as to achieve the effects of temperature, humidity effect in a short period of time, acid, alkali, salt solution and ultraviolet radiation and other environmental effects on Mechanical properties of FRP steel.
When reaching a certain number of freeze-thaw cycles, substrate and FRP fiber can strip withinternal crack, resulting in reduced FRP tensile strength and other mechanical properties.
In addition, there are significant effects of environmental temperature and solution concentration on durability of FRP bars. 2.3Simulation aging experiment Simulation aging experiment considers effect factors such as temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation and other environmental on the FRP bar, tries the specific parameters such as table 1.
The effect of material degradation on bond properties of FRP reinforcing bars in concrete[J] .

Introduction The grinding-hardening is a new technology that utilizes the heat and mechanical composite effect induced in grinding to quench the surface of steel directly.
It realizes the integrated manufacturing of grinding and surface hardening and has wide application prospects in the field of grinding machine and improving surface properties of metal material[1-2].
Fig.3 The effect of each factor on average value of the grinding-hardened layer’s depth The variance analysis.
As shown in it, Fav, Fh, Fα are all less than F0.90(2,2)＝9.0, so that grinding parameter apvw, chamfer height h and chamfer degree α are all insignificant factors.
But the influence of grinding parameter apvw on grinding-hardened layer’s depth is bigger than other factors.