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In this study, in order to avoid the difficulties of high aspect ratio etching of bottom electrode in the conventional stack-type capacitor structure, we suggest to introduce a concave-type capacitor structure.
We have studied on the metal electrode etching in the concave structure and have discussed the patterning issues in fabricating the capacitor structures.
The PR layer cannot be used as the protective layers of the Ru/BST/Ru capacitor since the O2-based chemistry needs to be used for Ru etching and the O2 gas erode the PR layer.
We have fabricated a concave structure with SiO2 in a pattern with a critical dimension (CD) of 0.17µm, using the Ar/CF4/CHF3 system.
After forming a concave structure with SiO2, the bottom electrode layer is deposited and subsequently the protective layer is coated.

The goal is to understand the fundamental chemistry of Fe in Si, identify and characterize the type of complexes that occur.
Both the C3v and C2v structures have an acceptor level in the gap and, at least in some cases, a donor level as well.
The reaction 3/2Fei+ + 0Fes 0 → 3/2{FeiFes}+ + 0.85eV in the C3v structure (the C2v one is 0.39eV high in energy).
Perdew in Electronic Structure of Solids '91, ed.
B 70, 125209 (2004) [53] Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, ed.

The crystalline structure was measured by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM).
The pattern of (a) P-Ca3Co4O9 and (b) N-CaMnO3 formed a single phase compound in Monoclinic and Cubic structure and agreement with PDF#00-058-0661 and PDF#00-003-0830,respectively.
The d-spacing value was confirmed with x-ray diffraction patterns (a) P-Ca3Co4O9 and (b) N-CaMnO3 is Monoclinic and Cubic structure, respectively.
Temperature dependence on (a) Seebeck coefficient and (b) resistivity of N-CaMnO3 Summary The structure of P-Ca3Co4O9 and N-CaMnO3 is monoclinic and cubic perovskite structure, respectively.
Solid State Chemistry., vol. 120, pp.105-111, 1995

Study on the Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties of TA2 Xiaodong Hu 1, 2, a, Sen Zhang 1, Yong Zhang 1, Yajiang Li 2, b 1 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China 2 Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials; Ministry of Education; Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China a huxdd@sohu.com, b Yajli@sdu.edu.cn, Keywords: TA2, welding, metallographic structure, microhardness, Abstract：The microstructure and the mechanical properties of welding joint with the material of TA2 have been studied in this paper with the specimens made with the method of argon-arc welding.
Introduction Titanium and its alloy are widely used in aerospace, military industry, chemical industry, electronics, and medical field for good mechanical and chemistry properties as the corrosion resistance, ductility, weldability and high yield and tensile strength [1].
It is necessary to study the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the weld joint especially for the according heat affected zone (HAZ) as the weak part among all the welding structures.
Weld microstructure analysis The structure analyzed in the weld joint includes base metal zone, heat affected zone, fusion zone and weld seam zone with the optical microscope of 200 times magnification.
Fig .5 Weld overheated zone (200×) Fig.6 Weld fusion zone (200×) C Fusion zone microstructure analysis The boundary line between the melting system and unmelted system can be clearly seen in the fusion zone with the left side of melting structure and the right side as over heated organization that shown in Fig.6.

The Client/Server structure and Browser/Server structure are combined to create a new structure, i.e.
Browser/Server/Client structure in this system.
A remote experimental platform which can be applied to chemistry, electronics course, etc., is setup by Massachusetts Institute of Technology[3,4].
B/S/C structure) is developed in this system by combining C/S structure with B/S structure together.
The B/S/C structure not only keeps the easy-to-release characteristic of B/S structure, but also has the advantage of mass data exchange in real time of C/S structure.

Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of poly(p-chloroaniline) Chunyu Zhang, Haijun Niu a,*, Lin Zhang and Xuduo Bai b Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150086, P R China.
We observed the morphologies of PCA films through the scanning electronic microscope (SEM), showing island protruding structure.
The conductive polymer means having a conjugated π bond of a long-chain structure of the polymer formed after chemical or electrochemical doping of the conductive polymer material[1,2].
Seen from the SEM images of PCA, they have porous net structure, with the average diameter of up to about 0.9μm.
Because the porous structure can increase the surface area, the PCA can be applied in catalytic reaction.

Phase Structure of Nanocrystalline BaTiO3 Powders via One-Step Solvothermal Route Hui Zhanga*, Xiaohui Wangb*, Zhengbo Shenc, Yanan Hao d State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China azhanghui0604@sina.com, bwxh@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn, cshen-zb12@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn,dhaoyanan1988@sina.com Key words: nanocrystalline BaTiO3 powders; phase structure; solvothermal; size effect Abstract.5 nm BaTiO3 powder was prepared by the one-step solvothermal method.
Because the above properties are dependent on structure and finite size, the synthesis of BaTiO3 nanostructures with well-defined size and morphology is of great interest.
All the four samples exhibit the typical perovskite structure, corresponding to a pseudocubic BaTiO3.
The broadening of the peak is caused by the size reduction of the grains, which is consistent with Scherrer’s equation where a particle size can be calculated from. 5 nm BaTiO3 powder is showing the symmetry, corresponding to a pseudocubic structure.
Antonietti, A GeneralSoft-Chemistry Route to Perovskites and Related Materials: Synthesis of BaTiO3,BaZrO3, and LiNO3 Nanoparticles,Angew.

Aneta Hanc 1a, Grzegorz Dercz1b,, Izabela Jendrzejewska2c 1 University of Silesia, Institute of Materials Science, Bankowa 12, 40-006 Katowice, Poland 2 University of Silesia, Institute of Chemistry, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland, a aneta.hanc@us.edu.pl, b grzegorz.dercz@us.edu.pl, cizajen@poczta.wp.pl, Keywords: Mn-V-Sn, X-ray-diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Combining an independent information about atomic structure from X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy it was possible to identify main chemical environments responsible for the magnetic ordering observed in the samples.
This phase is orthorhombic and has the Cb structure (Mg2Cu) type and space group Fddd In the binary V2Sn3 compound the composition of Sn is in range (60-63) at.% [4]; the Sn atoms occupy the Sn1 - 16e sites and Sn2-16g sites, while the V atoms only the 16g sites.
Scanning microscope analysis revealed that in investigated samples the Mn atoms as the third component replaces both Sn and V atoms in the V2Sn3 structure.
The last two phases have the hexagonal D024 structure (Ni3Sn) type and space group P63/mmc.

The structure has been examined by X-ray diffraction technique, which shown that all films are polycrystalline with tetragonal rutile crystalline structure with preferential orientation in the (200) direction and, grain size decreases with increasing doping concentration.
The tin dioxide SnO2 structure is a tetragonal rutile crystalline structure [18] while, Sb2O3 has orthorhombic crystalline structure.
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Vol. 13, (2013):p.p 90-102
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, vol 13, (2013), p.p 90-102
Xavier Rius, Gas sensors based on nanostructured materials, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Vol 132, 2007, p.p 1083–1099

This paper investigates imperfection issues of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cell structures and diagnostic methods of the CIGS solar cells.
Focused ion beam was used to demonstrate that these structures interfere each solar cell layers.
Planar structure is divided into individual solar cells using depth selective laser scribing.
It was shown that structures found in defective area of solar cell interfere all layers.
Shelby, in: Introduction to Glass Science and Technology, 2nd edition, Cambridge, U.K., The Royal Society of Chemistry (2005)