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Depending on the wavelength of the heating laser pulse, the optical properties of materials in thin films are generally temperature dependent.
Thermal and optical properties are assumed as functions of temperature and the materials are considered isotropic.
Thermophysical and optical properties of the employed materials are reported in tables 3 and 4.
Manca: ASME Journal of Heat Transfer Vol. 122 (2000), pp. 113
Ricci, $umerical Model for Back Treatment of Multilayer Thin Films Irradiated by a Moving Laser Source, Proc of the International Congress in Materials Science and Engineering, Iasi, Romania (2009) [12] D.

Given that different materials have different sound-absorbing coefficients, the best material density should be given first consideration in accordance with frequency of the engine for the purpose of achieving optimum sound-proof and sound-absorbing effects.
To be faced with a rich variety of shapes and materials to select, road designers and builders can choose soil, brick, concrete, wood, metal and so on when establishing sound barrier.
The disadvantage, otherwise is obvious that sound barrier which needs regular cleaning is costly to build and the transparent materials are likely to reflect, making drivers dizzy and mentally oppressed.
Plants is in essence a sort of porous materials which have a certain sound-absorbing effect esp. on high-frequency noise.
Journal of Tongji University, Vol. 4 (2002), p.15-17 [7] Yin Yue-chuan: Study on Designing, Construction and Maintenance of Sound-Reducing Asphalt Road, EastChina Hiway, Vol. 5 (1995) [8] Zhong Xu and He Cong: Issues on Highway Noise, Environmental Science, Vol. 5 (1995) [9] Nihon Doro Kodan, National Expressway Practices in Japan Environment (1985)

The materials used for the construction of the machine were mild steel for the shaft, steel bearings, and stainless steel for the extraction chamber.
These materials were selected based on cost effectiveness, availability locally, machinability, high wear resistant, high strength and low response to stress concentration. 1.3 Comparative Performance Evaluation of the Mechanical Kneader and the Traditional Kneader.
Table 4 shows the various materials used and their cost.
Plate 2: The Mechanical Kneader Plate 3: Operation of the Mechanical Kneader Table 4: Materials used and their cost S/no Item Specification Quantity Unit Cost (N) Total Cost (N) 1 Kneading chamber 270mm Dia by 270mm deep metal sheet 1 1,500.00 1,500.00 2 Shaft 190mm Dia.
Suleiman, Ergonomic Studies of Kneading Operation in Traditional Groundnut Oil Extraction, Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Volume 1, Number 1, July 2009.

Occurrence and Control of Crack on Counterweight of Forklift Cast with High Manganese Pig Iron AnMin Li1,a, QiFeng Zheng1,b , ZhengYong Yu 1,c, RuoHuai Chen 1,d, YuWei Huang1,f 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China alamanny@126.com, b909045472@qq.com, c458184150@qq.com, d1025823140@qq.com, f 303091098@qq.com Keywords: High Manganese Pig Iron; Counterweight; Crack; Microstructure Abstract.
Materials and Experimental Details Small square samples had been cut out from the counterweight by a linear cutting machine and made for metallographic sample (etchant: 1% natal).
Arsenic can cause pig iron materials to produce such defects as “heat embrittlement” cracks and other defect while undergoing heating processes.
Limestone sand with good concession or resin sand should be chosen as modeling materials for high manganese cast iron.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (2013YB012), open foundation of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology (13-A-02-03,GXKFJ11-07),Guangxi University 2012-2013"College Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program" Innovative regional level training project funded projects (1201059).

The main raw materials which make the active carbon are coal and coconut shell [4].
Carbon-fiber adsorbent materials for removing radioactive iodine from gases [J].
Journal of Porous Materials , 1999,6:191- 196
Applied Surface Science, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 14 February 2006
NEW CARBON MATERIALS.1998，13(3):38-43)

It first includes the control on the production conditions, such as working staff, machines, materials, law, links, and measures.
The analysis of the three main reasons shows that the hole has cracks and pores, and within the two factors have the main parts process from the beginning of the forming cause, which includes forging and sintering processes, caused by raw materials problems.
In causal analysis, we regard the first impact of the main features of the product quality as a "result "and impact on the quality characteristics of 5M1E (man, machine, materials, method, measurement and environment) as a factor[7], and then ask "factor why happened fluctuations?
The material factors have not great impact on product quality, but there is no advantage on process quality.
In the Equipments Wheel surface traped Wheel shaft rocking Chunk lossened Uneven surface installing Feed shaft skewing rugged The verticality Of the interior hole is ultra-poor Materials Materials lay off less Forging nonuniform Sintering nonuniform Effect poor Workers Manage relaxation reward and punishmen unclear Work sloppily misoperation Technology mastered poor Preempt progress Process method Drawning chaos requirement vague Flow card losing Procedure reversed Lack of important progress process of interior hole grinding ,we set the surface as a benchmark to operate the interior hole, and the surface is very smooth after grinding.

Introduction In recent years, the study on very high cycle fatigue properties of metallic materials has already become an important and active subject to ensure the long-term safety of actual mechanical structures [1-2].
Experimental procedure Material and specimen.Material used in this study was a high strength bearing steel, whose chemical composition (mass percentage) is: 1.00 C, 0.25 S, 0.30 Mn, 1.45 Cr, 0.013 P, 0.005 S.
There is no infinite fatigue life in metallic materials[J].
Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 1989, 37 (6): 759-77
Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2008, 29 (6):53-7

Nuclear Materials and Energy
Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 23(10), 59-62
Key Engineering Materials, 795, 66-73
[10] GB/T 228-2010, Metallic Materials-Tensile Testing-Part 1: Method of Test at Room Temperature.
Materials Science and Technology, 27(11), 1657-1663

EEDI and ship technologies Technologies which are available to significantly improve energy efficiency in the short, medium and long term include (see also Table 2): § Ship capacity enhancement o Larger ships; Purposely designed ships for specific routes/cargo mixers; Multi-purpose ships (combination carriers) to avoid ballast (empty) legs; Use of light weight construction materials; Zero or minimum ballast configurations; § Hull and propeller o Hull optimization for less resistance and improved sea margins; Advanced underwater hull coatings and monitoring; More hydro-dynamically efficient aft-ship, propeller and rudder arrangements; Reduced air drag through improved aerodynamics of hull and superstructure; Hull air lubrication systems
This work was supported by specialized research fund for the doctoral programme of Higher Education (No 200801510001) and National Natural Science foundation of China (No. 70940008).
Journal of Geophysical Research 112, D12301
Journal of Transport Geography 17, 325–337
WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 8, 1–25

The field situations are ever-changing during the during the construction period; the boundary conditions such as geological conditions, material properties, climate and hydraulic conditions, construction schedule, temperature control progress, arch closure process and impounding progress are different from those for the design period[1-4]; thus, various unpredictable issues during the construction period may occur in comparison with those during the design period; moreover, various operation conditions and countermeasure schedules prepared during the design period may not cover all conditions during the implementation period; in addition, the comprehensive study may not be carried out to a lot of detailed temperature control technologies during the design period.
By using the construction management information system developed in project fields and the all-dimensional research approach, the whole process tracing was carried out to the casting progress, material changes, climate conditions, temperature control measures, arch closure process and impounding process of Xiluodu Arch Dam construction during the construction period from multiple perspectives such as the dam and foundation modeling, construction and monitoring data analysis, heat effect during the construction period, material inverter and feedback analysis on mechanics property parameters, feedback simulation and prediction analysis on casting process, whole dam and whole process simulation and prediction analysis.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program 2013CB036406 and 2013CB032904), the Twelfth-five Science and Technology Support Project (2013BAB06B02) , IWHR and the Basin Water Cycle Simulation and Regulation of State Key Laboratory Special Research Foundation.
References: [1] Zhang Guoxin, Liu Youzhi, Liu Yi et al., Cause analysis and temperature control and crack prevention measures on cracks in the super-high arch dam during the construction period [J], Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2010, Vol. 29, No. 5: 45-50 [2] Zhang Guoxin, Ai Yongping, Liu Youzhi et al., Investigation on temperature control and crack prevention issues for the super-high arch dam during the construction period [J], Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2010, Vol.29, No. 5: 125-130 [3] Zhu Bofang.
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2007, 3 (12): 34-39