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Online since: January 2013
Authors: Chen Lu, Liu Sheng Zha, Xiao Yun Liu
Au NPs can be introduced into the hydrogel matrix by in-situ reduction of AuCl4- ions or by incubation process after blending the two components [8,9].
In this paper, Au NPs were loaded into PNIPAM based temperature responsive microgels by two-step seed-growth process, by in-situ reduction of AuCl4- coordinated into their polymer network.
Then 1 mg NaBH4 dissolved in 1 mL water was quickly added to the solution while stirring, and the reduction reaction was carried out at 8°C for 15 min to prepare seed solution.
After stirring for 15min, 1250 mL of NH2OH·HCl aqueous solution (2.78g/L) was added to the mixture, and the second reduction reaction was lasted at 8°C for less than 30 min to allow for the growth of Au NPs.
The scattering light was collected at 90°C, and the CONTIN statistical method was used to convert the measured correlation data into a particle size distribution.
In this paper, Au NPs were loaded into PNIPAM based temperature responsive microgels by two-step seed-growth process, by in-situ reduction of AuCl4- coordinated into their polymer network.
Then 1 mg NaBH4 dissolved in 1 mL water was quickly added to the solution while stirring, and the reduction reaction was carried out at 8°C for 15 min to prepare seed solution.
After stirring for 15min, 1250 mL of NH2OH·HCl aqueous solution (2.78g/L) was added to the mixture, and the second reduction reaction was lasted at 8°C for less than 30 min to allow for the growth of Au NPs.
The scattering light was collected at 90°C, and the CONTIN statistical method was used to convert the measured correlation data into a particle size distribution.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Yan Ning Yang, Qiao Ping Liu, Wei Xia Li
Suitable for high speed data transmission.
Therefore, OFDM technology is very suitable for high-speed data transmission [9].
To achieve the purpose of 4G, each link such as network exchange, data transmission and data access needs to be broke through, especially under the conditions of wireless mobile environment and limited frequency spectrum resources, how to conduct high-speed data transmission stably, reliably and effectively becomes a focused issue.
Research on the problem of PAPR reduction in OFDM system [D].
Study on the algorithm of PAPR reduction in OFDM system [D].
Therefore, OFDM technology is very suitable for high-speed data transmission [9].
To achieve the purpose of 4G, each link such as network exchange, data transmission and data access needs to be broke through, especially under the conditions of wireless mobile environment and limited frequency spectrum resources, how to conduct high-speed data transmission stably, reliably and effectively becomes a focused issue.
Research on the problem of PAPR reduction in OFDM system [D].
Study on the algorithm of PAPR reduction in OFDM system [D].
Online since: January 2012
Authors: A.P. Miodownik, Zhan Li Guo
Although this model is simple and shows reasonably good agreement with many of the experimental data, it does not consider the complete precipitation kinetics, i.e. the evolution of precipitate volume fraction and size with time.
The calculated flow stress curve is compared with the experimental data, Fig. 2.
Flow stress curve at 950°C at strain rate 10 s-1, experimental data from Ref. 24.
Calculated TTP curves for four microalloyed steels in comparison with the experimental data from: (a) Le Bon,1 (b) Watanabe,2 (c), Steel2 of Hansen et al,5 and (d) Steel3 of Hansen et al.5 (a) (b) (c) (d) equilibrium fraction, Veq_max, is shown in Fig. 3 for each alloy.
- Reduction of driving force during transformation, which may slow down the precipitation kinetics.
The calculated flow stress curve is compared with the experimental data, Fig. 2.
Flow stress curve at 950°C at strain rate 10 s-1, experimental data from Ref. 24.
Calculated TTP curves for four microalloyed steels in comparison with the experimental data from: (a) Le Bon,1 (b) Watanabe,2 (c), Steel2 of Hansen et al,5 and (d) Steel3 of Hansen et al.5 (a) (b) (c) (d) equilibrium fraction, Veq_max, is shown in Fig. 3 for each alloy.
- Reduction of driving force during transformation, which may slow down the precipitation kinetics.
Online since: April 2009
Authors: Lubna Aamir, M.S. Qureshi, R.N. Dubey, M.M. Malik, Ishrat Alim, A.H. Siddiqui
It is an established fact that the properties of the materials such as
metal, their oxides and sulfides change with reduction in size in the nanometer range [1].
Pauling [12] initiated that ''the radius of an atom reduces with the reduction of its coordination number CN.''
The FTIR interactive interpreting data confirms the presence of Amine group NH2 (3540 to 3200) cm-1 in the capped sample as possible structural unit present in the region is also in full agreement of confirmation of this particular amine group in the test (chitosan) and experimental sample, which confirms the success of stabilization process.Vibrational modes due to Cd-S are expected to be present below 450 cm−1 [15], but are not accessible to this experiment.
It was identified comparing with the published data (JCPDS 1411).
Table1 contains comparative XRD data of the synthesized and standard CdS. 2θ 2θ d d hkl (experime ntal) (standard) value (experimenta l) value (standard) Corresponding to standard d value 26.86 26.73 3.32 3.33 111 45.20 43.98 2.004 2.06 220 48.16 47.40 1.9 1.91 311 Table 1: The comparative XRD data of experimental and standard values of CdS.
Pauling [12] initiated that ''the radius of an atom reduces with the reduction of its coordination number CN.''
The FTIR interactive interpreting data confirms the presence of Amine group NH2 (3540 to 3200) cm-1 in the capped sample as possible structural unit present in the region is also in full agreement of confirmation of this particular amine group in the test (chitosan) and experimental sample, which confirms the success of stabilization process.Vibrational modes due to Cd-S are expected to be present below 450 cm−1 [15], but are not accessible to this experiment.
It was identified comparing with the published data (JCPDS 1411).
Table1 contains comparative XRD data of the synthesized and standard CdS. 2θ 2θ d d hkl (experime ntal) (standard) value (experimenta l) value (standard) Corresponding to standard d value 26.86 26.73 3.32 3.33 111 45.20 43.98 2.004 2.06 220 48.16 47.40 1.9 1.91 311 Table 1: The comparative XRD data of experimental and standard values of CdS.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Liang Huang, Yu Bo Zhao, Pan Chen, Lu Zeng, Weimin zheng, Jun Xia Peng
As a result, cutting down CO2 emission from cement industry is a practical measure to carry out Chinese carbon dioxide emission reduction responsibility and an important guarantee to cement industry’s sustainable development in China.
The premise of the carbon dioxide emission reduction in cement industry is to calculate its CO2 emission precisely.
In this article the input-output analysis model and plant’s input and output data are used to work out relevant carbon dioxide accounting model, through this way, it bring out highly operable carbon dioxide accounting model and low-carbon plan model, in order to provide theory evidence and resolution suggestions to cement industry’s carbon dioxide emission reduction.
The result given by Yu Lei[4] was a Table 6 Comparison of carbon dioxide emission per unit cement product Data Sources Carbon emission per unit(t CO2/t cement) This Text 0.689 Yu Lei,2011 0.643 Zhu Songli,2000 0.732 Worrel et al.,2001 0.883 WBCSD,2002 0.900 He Hongtao & Yuan Wenxian,2005 0.671 Cui Suping & Liu Wei,2008 0.654 Wang Lan,2009 0.653 little low, the reason may be that their research did not contain the indirect carbon dioxide emission made by electricity consumption, which can be 0.1 ton/ per unit cement (ton).
As a result, the carbon dioxide emission reduction measures should be implemented intensively in cement clinker’s firing.
The premise of the carbon dioxide emission reduction in cement industry is to calculate its CO2 emission precisely.
In this article the input-output analysis model and plant’s input and output data are used to work out relevant carbon dioxide accounting model, through this way, it bring out highly operable carbon dioxide accounting model and low-carbon plan model, in order to provide theory evidence and resolution suggestions to cement industry’s carbon dioxide emission reduction.
The result given by Yu Lei[4] was a Table 6 Comparison of carbon dioxide emission per unit cement product Data Sources Carbon emission per unit(t CO2/t cement) This Text 0.689 Yu Lei,2011 0.643 Zhu Songli,2000 0.732 Worrel et al.,2001 0.883 WBCSD,2002 0.900 He Hongtao & Yuan Wenxian,2005 0.671 Cui Suping & Liu Wei,2008 0.654 Wang Lan,2009 0.653 little low, the reason may be that their research did not contain the indirect carbon dioxide emission made by electricity consumption, which can be 0.1 ton/ per unit cement (ton).
As a result, the carbon dioxide emission reduction measures should be implemented intensively in cement clinker’s firing.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Xue Jun Li, Zong Qun Deng, Kuan Fang He, Ling Li Jiang
Samples of the input data are divided into odd sample sequenceand even samples sequence
(1)
(2)
(2)Predict.
(3) If does not meet the IMF conditions, regard as initial data, repeat steps (1) and (2) to get the averageof the upper and lower envelope, then determine whether meet the conditions of IMF, if not then repeat it times, obtain and made to meets the conditions of IMF.
(4) Separated from, obtained that: (8) Regardas initial data and repeat (1)-(3), gained the second IMF component of, repeat it times and obtained IMF components of.
The Fig. 4 shows that the lifting wavelet has some noise reduction effect in early weak AE fault signal.
[5] Sun Wensheng, Wang Fengtao, Zhang Zhixin etal.EMD noise reduction and spectrum kurtosis method in rolling bearing early fault diagnosis applications [J].
(3) If does not meet the IMF conditions, regard as initial data, repeat steps (1) and (2) to get the averageof the upper and lower envelope, then determine whether meet the conditions of IMF, if not then repeat it times, obtain and made to meets the conditions of IMF.
(4) Separated from, obtained that: (8) Regardas initial data and repeat (1)-(3), gained the second IMF component of, repeat it times and obtained IMF components of.
The Fig. 4 shows that the lifting wavelet has some noise reduction effect in early weak AE fault signal.
[5] Sun Wensheng, Wang Fengtao, Zhang Zhixin etal.EMD noise reduction and spectrum kurtosis method in rolling bearing early fault diagnosis applications [J].
Online since: November 2025
Authors: Abayomi Olukayode Ewetade, Simeon Olutayo Odunfa, Mopelola Abidemi Idowu, Joseph Olawale Akinyele
The GPCW showed a 43% reduction in strength between the 7th and 28th days, with a further decrease of 11% from 28 to 365 days.
This reduction can be attributed to the absorption of these ions by the cured concrete samples.
The presence of these oxides in the efflorescence must have contributed to the reduction in strength experienced by the GPCD at 180 days and after.
Scientific Data, 9(1), (2022)1–14
“Reduction in CO2 emissions during production of cement, with partial replacement of traditional raw materials by civil construction waste (CCW).”
This reduction can be attributed to the absorption of these ions by the cured concrete samples.
The presence of these oxides in the efflorescence must have contributed to the reduction in strength experienced by the GPCD at 180 days and after.
Scientific Data, 9(1), (2022)1–14
“Reduction in CO2 emissions during production of cement, with partial replacement of traditional raw materials by civil construction waste (CCW).”
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Zhi Jun Gao
Because most of the program for calculating the loop iteration is complete, therefore the loop taken in parallel loop is divided into several parts, each by a thread, which is a data decomposition method, the iterative decomposition process should pay attention to the data relevance.
Code 2: long long num_steps = 1000000000; omp_set_num_threads(4); #pragma omp parallel for private(x) reduction(+:sum) for (i=0; iTable 1 Test data of Numerical integration
Iterations [million]
10
100
1000
Serial Run Time[s]
0.068
0.62
5.14
Parallel running time[s]
0.046
0.32
2.65
Speed up
1.4782
1.9375
1.9396
Parallel efficiency
73.91%
96.88%
96.98%
In order to visualize the results of the experiments revealed, we have 2 types of experimental data to the graph, respectively, than the comparison chart is to speedup, as shown in Fig.1; parallel efficiency comparison chart, as shown in Fig.2.
Code3: #include "mkl_vsl.h" #define BRNG VSL_BRNG_MCG31 #define METHOD 0 #define BLOCK_SIZE 500 int main(){ unsigned int iter=200000000; int i,j; double x, y; double dUnderCurve=0.0; double pi=0.0; VSLStreamStatePtr stream; #pragma omp parallel private(stream,x,y,i) reduction(+:dUnderCurve) { double r[BLOCK_SIZE*2]; vslNewStream( &stream, BRNG, (int)clock() ); #pragma omp for for(j=0;j
Code 2: long long num_steps = 1000000000; omp_set_num_threads(4); #pragma omp parallel for private(x) reduction(+:sum) for (i=0; i
Code3: #include "mkl_vsl.h" #define BRNG VSL_BRNG_MCG31 #define METHOD 0 #define BLOCK_SIZE 500 int main(){ unsigned int iter=200000000; int i,j; double x, y; double dUnderCurve=0.0; double pi=0.0; VSLStreamStatePtr stream; #pragma omp parallel private(stream,x,y,i) reduction(+:dUnderCurve) { double r[BLOCK_SIZE*2]; vslNewStream( &stream, BRNG, (int)clock() ); #pragma omp for for(j=0;j
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Jiang Tao Liu, Li Ming Ying, Chun Ming Pei
Simulation of the feedforward based ANC shows a 20–30 dB reduction of external noise of the power transformer over the frequency range from 1 to 500Hz.
Linearity in the parameter is also favorable for on-line recursive estimation of the filter, as convergence to optimal and unbiased feedforward compensators is obtained irrespective of the coloring of the noise on the data[7].
Estimation and implementation of feedforward ANC With the pick-up microphone at the Surface of power transformer, experimental data of the error microphone signal, and input microphonewere gathered according to the two experiments outlined in Eq.6 and Eq.8.
The experimental data depicted in Figs. 3 leads to a measured (unweighted) improvement of 20-30dB.
To facilitate data-based optimization of the feedforward filter, the filter is parameterized using a generalized FIR filter.
Linearity in the parameter is also favorable for on-line recursive estimation of the filter, as convergence to optimal and unbiased feedforward compensators is obtained irrespective of the coloring of the noise on the data[7].
Estimation and implementation of feedforward ANC With the pick-up microphone at the Surface of power transformer, experimental data of the error microphone signal, and input microphonewere gathered according to the two experiments outlined in Eq.6 and Eq.8.
The experimental data depicted in Figs. 3 leads to a measured (unweighted) improvement of 20-30dB.
To facilitate data-based optimization of the feedforward filter, the filter is parameterized using a generalized FIR filter.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Kenji Ito, Hideaki Hagihara, Yoshinori Kobayashi
In contrast to the case of the nonpolar hexene, introduction of the polar hexenol into PP
decreased the o-Ps lifetimes, signifying the reduction of the free-volume hole sizes.
The data were taken from Ref. [3].
From results of WAXD and DSC, the lower strength for PPH was interpreted due to the reduction of the crystallinity, arising from incorporating long branches into the main chain.
The data are listed in Table 1.
The PAL data were collected through determining time intervals between the birth and annihilation of positrons emitted from sodium-22, and were recorded over the temperature range from −120 �C to 100 �C with a helium cryostat temperature controller. ortho-Positronium (o-Ps) lifetimes for the polymers were analyzed as the mean of the longest positron lifetime, each of which was obtained by fitting the PAL data to the convolution of a model function, consisting of a linear combination of three exponential decays, with a time resolution function of FWHM 200-300 ps.
The data were taken from Ref. [3].
From results of WAXD and DSC, the lower strength for PPH was interpreted due to the reduction of the crystallinity, arising from incorporating long branches into the main chain.
The data are listed in Table 1.
The PAL data were collected through determining time intervals between the birth and annihilation of positrons emitted from sodium-22, and were recorded over the temperature range from −120 �C to 100 �C with a helium cryostat temperature controller. ortho-Positronium (o-Ps) lifetimes for the polymers were analyzed as the mean of the longest positron lifetime, each of which was obtained by fitting the PAL data to the convolution of a model function, consisting of a linear combination of three exponential decays, with a time resolution function of FWHM 200-300 ps.