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At elevated temperatures, the mechanical properties will change with yield strength decreasing and the material deformation behavior from brittle to ductile, resulting in reducing tool wear, improving surface finish and increasing material removal rates.[1-3].
The finite element simulation method is a powerful tool for simulation the damage of engineering material, which can help to analyze the main factors of causing the damage, understand the law of fracture and find the way to avoid cracks.
The crack size, loading stress and fracture toughness are three key factors influencing the edge damage for brittle materials at room temperature.
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the mechanical properties and temperature for silicon nitride[96] Yang et al. [6] demonstrated that the mechanisms of the elevated temperature on edge chipping include softening and toughening.
a ) Top width of edge chipping b) Critical mechanical energy release rate Fig.7 Effects of operating parameters on edge chippings The width and length of edge chipping can’t be accurately predicted due to excessive and uncertain fracture factors.

This erosion could be described by 5 factors and in 3 phases: no erosion, erosion front beginning and rising rapidly, slowdown or stabilisation of the erosion front evolution.
Addition of bio based reinforcement to improve workability, mechanical properties and water resistance of earth-based materials.
USING ALGINATE BIOPOLYMER TO ENHANCE THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EARTH-BASED MATERIALS 7
Properties of some cement stabilised compressed earth blocks and mortars.
The properties of compacted soil and soil-cement mixtures for use in building.

Above this temperature, two major factors contribute to reduced ionization rates in the applicator.
The mechanical properties and other related parameters are under investigation.
The sintered density and mechanical properties of the as-fabricated parts (Fe-Cu/Ni-C) turned out to be superior to their conventionally sintered counterparts.
At the very least the rapid cooling preserves a very fine grain structure and results in excellent mechanical properties of the final product.
Qian, Microwave heating, isothermal sintering, and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys.

There are many advantages in high strenght steels that are sensitive to heat input; better mechanical properties are possible to obtain.
Different types of lasers are used depending on factors like basematerial, platethickness and type of process carrier.
Mechanical properties in joint The mechanicals has been determined for three different platethicknesses welded with OK Autrod 13.26, 16.95 and 19.85.
Impact properties Impact properties shows in both 8 and 12 mm plate and at -40 and -60 deg.
[2] Research report IM-2005-125: Effect of Laser Hybrid Welding parameters and consumables on the mechanical properties of HAZ and weld metals.

Introduction Structural elements made of laminated composite materials (CM) have high mechanical characteristics, while they have a pronounced anisotropy of properties, both in terms of deformation and in terms of strength [1-2].
In most cases, during the solution of multicriteria optimization problems or the solution of optimization problems according to a specific criterion for a multifactorial system with a large number of orthogonal factors, it is advisable to find not a single optimum point, which may not exist, but a certain area of optimal values.
Each weave has its own texture, density and other properties that determine its use in one or another case.
The properties of composites also depend on the strength and elastic properties of the matrix and its adhesion to the fiber.
Properties of high-strength and high-modulus fibers Indicators of properties Density, g/cm3 Strength, GPa Elasticity coefficient, GPa Ultimate service temperature, °С Para-aramid 1,4-1,5 2,7-5,5 90-195 450 Carbon 1,6-2,0 2,5-5,0 200-700 450 Glass 2,2-2,8 1,5-5,0 50-90 550 Basalt 2,6-3,0 3,4-4,0 80-85 700 Table 2.

Cross-linked polyethylene is widely used as electrical insulation because of its excellent electrical properties such as low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and also due to its excellent chemical resistance and mechanical flexibility.
The electrical properties of an insulator are affected by the presence of cavities within the insulating material, in particular with regard to theelectric field and potential distributions.
For example, polyethylene exhibitsexcellent electrical properties and is used for cable insulation.
Compared to PE, it also has better ageing characteristics and higher resistance to water treeing.Due to these properties, XLPE has become the most common insulation used for the high voltagecables [9].
Properties XLPE Cable PVC Cable EPR Cable Dielectric constant 2.3 4.5-9 3 Dielectric strength(kV/mm) 20 15-20 15-20 Resistivity(Ω.cm) 1x1016 1x1013 1x1015 Dissipation factor <0.03 0.01-0.02 0.16-0.3 Thermal conductivityW/(m.K) 0.38 0.19 0.48 X Y Z Fig. 5Comparison of the electric field along the radial line for the case of EPR, PVC, and XLPEinsulating materials.

The GTAW welding parameters are the most important factors affecting the quality, productivity and cost of welding joint [1].
The weld pool quality play an important role in determines the mechanical strength of the weld pool geometry.
The chemical compositions and mechanical properties of base metal are presented in Tables 1 and 2.
Travel car TIG Torch TIG Holder TIG Wire feeder Machine TIG Machine Arm Support Wire feeder nozzle Fig. 1 Schematic Diagram of Semi GTAW process Table 2 Mechanical properties of base metal Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation(In 50mm) Hardness Rockwell 370 MPa 440 MPa 15% B71 (a) Single bead geometry (b) Padding bead geometry Fig. 2 Single and padding weld bead geometry diagram The Taguchi method of welding parameter optimization The Taguchi method uses a special design of orthogonal arrays to investigate the entire process parameter space with a small number of experiments.
Results of analysis of variance ANOVA (Table 6) indicate that flow rate, welding current and welding speed are the significant welding parameters affecting the multiple quality characteristics.

Introduction With the development of modern science and technology, there are more and more high demands on the material properties in each field.
Machined Surface Quality Machined surface quality contains surface roughness and surface defects, which affects the mechanical and physical properties of the parts. 
Among the influencing factors of surface roughness, the influencing of the cutting feed is largest, then the cutting speed and the particle content[7].
Cutting parameters are the main factors that affect the tool wear and the effect of the cutting speed is largest.
Karthikeyan, Assessment of Factors Influencing Surface Roughness on the Machining of Al/SiC Particulate Composites, Materials & Design. 28 (2007) 1584-1591

The Box-Behnken used in this paper solved five factors at three levels in forty six runs.
The previous studies of parameters affecting the formability of SPIF were done in on an ad hoc basis.
The points at the vertices correspond to the limits of the factors.
The values for these factors are given in Table 2.
All of these plots are concave in shape; the reason for the shape is the properties of the material.

The Research of a New Method for Manipulating Magnetic Beads through Multi-layered Flat Micro-coils Coupled with Permanent Magnet Zhihua Liu1, a, Yufeng Huang1, b, Jianpeng Li 2, c, Xinwei Xu1, d 1 School of mechanical engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China 2Henan province institute of metrology, Zhengzhou 450008, China aliuzhihua@zzu.edu.cn, b824397308@qq.com cljp86914@126.com, d410292675@qq.com, Keywords: multi-layered flat micro-coils; magnetic beads; manipulation; simulation Abstract.
Firstly, the theory of magnetic bead manipulation was analyzed and the main factors affected the magnetic beads manipulation was identified; then the magnetic field of multi-layered flat coils and Stokes viscous resistance of magnetic beads were analyzed and simulated quantificationally; finally the magnetic bead capture area was got under different flow velocity.
In order to avoid products’ manufacturing-experiment-remanufacturing, the repeated process, the theory analysis of magnetic bead manipulation should be carried on in static droplet to find out the major factors affecting magnetic bead manipulation, and to optimize the component’s design parameters.
By partially differentiating Equation (2.1), the magnetic force per unit volume, (), in the horizontal x direction can be written as: （2.2） The magnetic force also can be expressed with the magnetic beads material properties and magnetic field gradient： （2.3） Where,,, are magnetic bead volume, permeability in vacuum, magnetic susceptibility, and magnetic induction intensity.
B/T Fig3.3 (a) The gradient of magnetic-field strength curve at path (y=0, the distance from the top flat coil is 250 ) Fig3.3 (b) The value of capture force and stokes viscous resistance under different relative velocity for a single magnetic bead Conclusions （1）The major factors influencing the magnetic bead capture are given, which are the magnitude of magnetic field force and magnetic-field gradient