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Online since: May 2013
Authors: Qing Yi Men, Guang Wei Cheng
Many studies have suggested that the supporting mode of the ball mill transformed from edge-transmission to centre drive, the distance between two bearings has greatly shortened, the rotator stress has been reduced quite a lot [2].However, with the increasing of the diameter, the ball mill works on heavier alternation load and bad atmosphere, the stress of the rotator should be further reduced [3].On the basis of the stress reduction, the thickness calculation should be considered.
Results There are great strength margin in the ball mill rotator according to the experience data.
Take M1max=8020 KN·m, M2max=6568 KN·m, T=1320 KN·m, W1=0.439 m3, where with the formula (2),the rotator thickness is reduced from 30mm to 16mm.Based on the data made above, we may safely come to the conclusion, the ball mill rotator thickness can be greatly reduced.
[5] Shen xinpu, Du xianhe, Numerical Analysis on Stress and Deformation of Ball Mill and Thickness Reduction of Cylinder Shell[J].Journal of Shenyang Ligong University,2010,29(1):1-5.
Results There are great strength margin in the ball mill rotator according to the experience data.
Take M1max=8020 KN·m, M2max=6568 KN·m, T=1320 KN·m, W1=0.439 m3, where with the formula (2),the rotator thickness is reduced from 30mm to 16mm.Based on the data made above, we may safely come to the conclusion, the ball mill rotator thickness can be greatly reduced.
[5] Shen xinpu, Du xianhe, Numerical Analysis on Stress and Deformation of Ball Mill and Thickness Reduction of Cylinder Shell[J].Journal of Shenyang Ligong University,2010,29(1):1-5.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Xing Guo Liu, Chi Gang Deng, Yu Hang Liu, Qing Ying Zhao
(1) Setting and display unit operation
· Appearance of 9-inch CRT setting and display unit
· Functions of display areas
· Screen transition diagram
· Screen selection procedure
· Data setting method
· Window screen
· Window operation keys
· Displaying or clearing the window screen
· Key input to the screen
· Command key
(2) Position display monitor
· Position
· Coordi
· Command
· Search
· Research
· Common variables
· Local variables
· Machining time calculation
(3) Tool offset
· Tool offset data setting
· Tool registration
· Tool life
· Work
(4) Parameters (user)
· PLC-SW
· Control parameter
· Axis parameter
· Setup parameter
· Process parameter
(5) Edit/MDI
· Function outline
· Menu function
· Program edit operation
· MDI screen extension operation
· Edit screen extension operation
· Graphic address menu
· Voice output function
(6) Diagnosis
· Alarm messeage
· Servo monitor
· PLC interface diagnosis
· NC specification
· NC monitor
The reduction ratio of worm and gear is 90.
The total reduction ratio is 180.
The reduction ratio of worm and gear is 90.
The total reduction ratio is 180.
Online since: April 2018
Authors: János Lukács, Marcell Gáspár, Ádám Dobosy
Statistical aspects were applied both for the presenting of the possible locations of the cracks in the base materials and the welded joints and for the processing of the measured data.
Introduction One of the basic trends of automotive industry is the environmental impact reduction, in other words the consumption reduction due weight decreasing, which can be approached from materials science of view, by applying different high strength materials [1] (steels, aluminium alloys and composites).
Nowadays, beside the environmental impact reduction, the reliability and safety requirements according to structural elements of vehicle industry and the power consumption and efficiency of other equipment (e.g. [2, 3]) have significant grown; at the same time statistical data show, that third portion of damages leading to fracture occur in welded joints, while their near four fifths happen to cyclic loaded structural elements.
In that case, however the ratio of the fatigue resistance reduction (if there is any) is unknown.
Results of Examinations Secant method [13] was used to evaluate the fatigue crack growth data.
Introduction One of the basic trends of automotive industry is the environmental impact reduction, in other words the consumption reduction due weight decreasing, which can be approached from materials science of view, by applying different high strength materials [1] (steels, aluminium alloys and composites).
Nowadays, beside the environmental impact reduction, the reliability and safety requirements according to structural elements of vehicle industry and the power consumption and efficiency of other equipment (e.g. [2, 3]) have significant grown; at the same time statistical data show, that third portion of damages leading to fracture occur in welded joints, while their near four fifths happen to cyclic loaded structural elements.
In that case, however the ratio of the fatigue resistance reduction (if there is any) is unknown.
Results of Examinations Secant method [13] was used to evaluate the fatigue crack growth data.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Feng Qi Guo, Zhi Wu Yu
The effects of noise data to training and recognition were researched.
By collating data the test results of different noise levels under the different training methods are obtained in Table 5.
(2) Combined damage index parameters can overcome the lack of structural damage identification using a single data parameters.
The required data for combination parameters are easily obtained from the measurement of actual engineering structures.
If the sample data are added a certain level of noise, it can also better identify the location and degree of structural damage.
By collating data the test results of different noise levels under the different training methods are obtained in Table 5.
(2) Combined damage index parameters can overcome the lack of structural damage identification using a single data parameters.
The required data for combination parameters are easily obtained from the measurement of actual engineering structures.
If the sample data are added a certain level of noise, it can also better identify the location and degree of structural damage.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Reimund Neugebauer, Kevin Hipp, Arvid Hellmich, Holger Schlegel
Figure 1 shows different approaches, classified by the operating status of the machine tool as well as the data source.
They use data which can be derived from the controller.
Consequently, some approaches also use controller data to complement the information of external sensors.
In the case of the investigated machine tool, the modules “data acquisition” was not yet completely implemented and the data handling as well as the definition of phases of cutting (see Figure 7, left) had to be done manually.
Teti, A review of tool condition monitoring literature data base, CIRP Annals – Manufacturing Technology, 44 (1995) 2, 659-666
They use data which can be derived from the controller.
Consequently, some approaches also use controller data to complement the information of external sensors.
In the case of the investigated machine tool, the modules “data acquisition” was not yet completely implemented and the data handling as well as the definition of phases of cutting (see Figure 7, left) had to be done manually.
Teti, A review of tool condition monitoring literature data base, CIRP Annals – Manufacturing Technology, 44 (1995) 2, 659-666
Online since: June 2017
Authors: Renato Zagorščak, Hywel Rhys Thomas
An anthracite coal sample is subjected to a range of effective stress conditions in order to investigate a general trend of coal permeability reduction with an increase in effective stress.
(3) α and β are constants obtained from fit to experimental data [3,6,9-12].
Results A general trend of permeability reduction with an increase in effective stress can be observed for the tested sample.
Figure 5 - Klinkenberg plot of measured permeability versus inverse of the mean gas pressure As presented in Fig. 5, measured permeability values follow an approximately linear trend and hence, an extrapolation of measured permeability data up to infinite mean gas pressure is performed.
Despite the lack of data for mean gas pressures higher than 1.6 MPa, it can be inferred from the existing trends that the mean gas pressure required to minimize and possibly offset the slip flow at higher effective stresses would be approximately 2.0 MPa.
(3) α and β are constants obtained from fit to experimental data [3,6,9-12].
Results A general trend of permeability reduction with an increase in effective stress can be observed for the tested sample.
Figure 5 - Klinkenberg plot of measured permeability versus inverse of the mean gas pressure As presented in Fig. 5, measured permeability values follow an approximately linear trend and hence, an extrapolation of measured permeability data up to infinite mean gas pressure is performed.
Despite the lack of data for mean gas pressures higher than 1.6 MPa, it can be inferred from the existing trends that the mean gas pressure required to minimize and possibly offset the slip flow at higher effective stresses would be approximately 2.0 MPa.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Li Tu, Li Zhi Yang
Given the formal context T=(O, F), where ,O is the images data set, N is the size of the data set.
Results on the Standard Image Data Set.
The data set including 80 images including 4 classes and 19 features.
A single subset is retained as the testing data set, and the remaining 9 subsets are used as training data set.
The image data set with n features is described as a feature graph.
Results on the Standard Image Data Set.
The data set including 80 images including 4 classes and 19 features.
A single subset is retained as the testing data set, and the remaining 9 subsets are used as training data set.
The image data set with n features is described as a feature graph.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Pâmela Teixeira Fernandes, Osiris Canciglieri Junior, Ângelo Márcio Oliveira Sant’Anna
.
- Positioning data about materials visibly and preferably directly on the product.*
- Providing information to the user about the correct disposal of the product.*
- Identifying materials according to ISO14021:1999.*
- Providing additional information such as number of recycling made or additives used in the composition of the materials.
The changes made in the new design allowed the reduction of 77.5% of consumption of polyethylene in packaging for ampoule in respect of products evaluated and a reduction of 20% of the paper used and 25% of the volume of the external packaging.
These benefits can be further extended to reduce consumption of transportation, especially to the ampoule that is flat and thin when empty, providing a significant reduction in logistics costs, since the distribution among manufacturing companies, to collect the material after disposal.
This reduction in consumption still allowing the material produced ceases to be reprocessed for reuse, ensuring the maintenance of its physical and mechanical properties for the manufacture of other products requiring raw material of better quality.
Table 2 shows data from the evaluated packages and the new packaging developed.
The changes made in the new design allowed the reduction of 77.5% of consumption of polyethylene in packaging for ampoule in respect of products evaluated and a reduction of 20% of the paper used and 25% of the volume of the external packaging.
These benefits can be further extended to reduce consumption of transportation, especially to the ampoule that is flat and thin when empty, providing a significant reduction in logistics costs, since the distribution among manufacturing companies, to collect the material after disposal.
This reduction in consumption still allowing the material produced ceases to be reprocessed for reuse, ensuring the maintenance of its physical and mechanical properties for the manufacture of other products requiring raw material of better quality.
Table 2 shows data from the evaluated packages and the new packaging developed.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Jin Kun Sun, Shuang Hua Huang, Ting Fei Yang, Jie Liu
In accordance with statistical data, it is assured that finally that hot water system designs that water-usage number is 504, and hot water consumption norm is 60L/people.
Emission reduction of carbon dioxide According to the formula[4]: QCO2=(∆Qsav×n)×(W×Eff)×FCO2×44/12 (2) In the formula (2),QCO2 is carbon dioxide emission reductions / kg,W is standard coal calorific value / MJ / kg, n is compute cycles / year,FCO2 is carbon emission factor of the auxiliary energy / kg carbon / kg of standard coal.The emission reduction of carbon dioxide of every househood per year which can be calculated:QCO2=417.5kg.
There are totally 224 families on 3# floor of the 28th floor Heron habitat garden in Panzhihua area, whose total carbon dioxide emission reduction per year is nearly 93.5 tons.
Conclusions (1) Based on questionnarie on hot water usage of residents in planned district, average daily heat water usage amount statistical data of three kinds of working conditions of winter, spring and fall and summer can be obtained, which provides relative accurate reference basis for solar hot water system of high-rise buildings
(4) Economy profit and later benefit of energy conservation and emission reduction produced by the system application
Emission reduction of carbon dioxide According to the formula[4]: QCO2=(∆Qsav×n)×(W×Eff)×FCO2×44/12 (2) In the formula (2),QCO2 is carbon dioxide emission reductions / kg,W is standard coal calorific value / MJ / kg, n is compute cycles / year,FCO2 is carbon emission factor of the auxiliary energy / kg carbon / kg of standard coal.The emission reduction of carbon dioxide of every househood per year which can be calculated:QCO2=417.5kg.
There are totally 224 families on 3# floor of the 28th floor Heron habitat garden in Panzhihua area, whose total carbon dioxide emission reduction per year is nearly 93.5 tons.
Conclusions (1) Based on questionnarie on hot water usage of residents in planned district, average daily heat water usage amount statistical data of three kinds of working conditions of winter, spring and fall and summer can be obtained, which provides relative accurate reference basis for solar hot water system of high-rise buildings
(4) Economy profit and later benefit of energy conservation and emission reduction produced by the system application
Online since: October 2018
Authors: I.A. Savin, A.V. Shaparev
Introduction
From the analysis of literature data it follows that preparation of contact surfaces before cold cladding is one of the most important technological operations.
The relative reduction during cladding affects the bonding strength of bimetal layers, the nature of the microstructure, the size of the recrystallized grains, the mechanical properties of the strip, the dimensional accuracy [4].
From the processing of experimental data, the following regression equation was obtained with an error of not more than 3.5%: εc=0,580-0,0308T0-0,0628HpH
It is established that the degree of reduction during cladding, providing a reliable connection of steel and brass, is reduced to 45…50% [2].
Savin, Calculation of the Amount of the Reduction Required for the Formation of Compound Layers during Cold Rolling of Bimetals, Materials Science Forum, 870 (2016) 328-333.
The relative reduction during cladding affects the bonding strength of bimetal layers, the nature of the microstructure, the size of the recrystallized grains, the mechanical properties of the strip, the dimensional accuracy [4].
From the processing of experimental data, the following regression equation was obtained with an error of not more than 3.5%: εc=0,580-0,0308T0-0,0628HpH
It is established that the degree of reduction during cladding, providing a reliable connection of steel and brass, is reduced to 45…50% [2].
Savin, Calculation of the Amount of the Reduction Required for the Formation of Compound Layers during Cold Rolling of Bimetals, Materials Science Forum, 870 (2016) 328-333.