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These steels, which are among the so called High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA), have high mechanical strength and good toughness, enabling reduction of the weight of the pipe and, consequently, reduction of manufacturing costs and easy transportation and installation.
The measurement system of this equipment consists of a set exciter-sensor (probe), the signal conditioner and data acquisition and processing.
The results show that the samples that suffered stress relief had higher MBN, due to the reduction of barriers to the movement of domain walls [5].
It is observed similar behavior for all samples after stress relieving, with increase in rms and the reduction of residual stresses, as observed by Yelbay and Lindgren [2,8].
• The results of X-ray diffraction of the samples showed a reduction of tensions after the treatment of stress relief.

Direct methods monitor the presence of Ca(OH)2 and its subsequent reduction with respect to time (Frattini test, saturated lime test, and modified Chapelle test).
For example, one study [4] showed that a 5% cement substitution by silica fume led to a reduction in compressive strength.
Salgueiro et al. [3] performed compression and bending tests on similar samples and reported that both tests indicate increased resistance with increased curing time and with reduction of the water/cement ratio.
Samples Cement Silica fume Ground quartz SCBA Water Ref 1200 0 0 0 360 Silica fume 5% 1140 60 0 0 360 10% 1080 120 0 0 360 15% 1020 180 0 0 360 20% 960 240 0 0 360 Ground quartz 960 0 240 0 360 Mixture 1 960 40 200 0 360 Mixture 2 960 80 160 0 360 SCBA 960 0 0 240 360 Results Figure 3 shows the data obtained from the compressive strength test conducted on specimens of cement pastes with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% silica fume.
On the other hand, a reduction of resistance to bending when the level of cement substitution by silica fume is greater than 15% has been reported [6].

This stretch-only trial provided strain data for uniaxial deformation and in turn the value for Poisson’s ratio.
To determine the reduction in thickness during the in-plane stretch, a non-contact, real-time measuring process was devised.
Figure 4 (a) True strain and (b) volumetric strain & Poisson’s ratio for uniaxial deformation; material temperature 100°C and strain rate 1/s The strain results clearly indicates positive increase in longitudinal strain (εy) to a true strain level of 1.3 with lateral (εx) and thickness strain (εz) reduction to an approximate value of 0.58.
One possible explanation for the sudden increase in Poisson’s ratio above 0.5 (volumetric strain reduction) is the inherent morphology exhibited by PET during material stretching typical with bottle formation; PET demonstrates a strain hardening effect after a critical network stretch [4].
Contrary to this, the experimental analysis revealed that PET is initially incompressible (v=0.5) during biaxial deformation with a sudden volume reduction after a critical level of stretch (v>0.5).

The continuous monitoring of the working parameters is performed by the means of a specialized industrial computer, which allows the data aquision and transfer to a PC.
The experimental data are recorded and can be transferred to a PC for further analysis and interpretation.
As far as plums are concerned, it was concluded that the reduction of the product humidity depends on the temperature and speed of the drying agent.
The analysis of the experimental data led to the following conclusions: · the dehydration process is affected by the temperature and speed of the drying agent; · increasing the temperature of the drying agent from 65 to 80 oC resulted in an accelerated evaporation of the product water; Table 1 Results regarding the dehydration process for plums and apricots Temperature of the drying agent o [C] Dehydration time [h] Product humidity [%] Plums Apricots Speed of the drying agent [m/s] Speed of the drying agent [m/s] 1.5 2,0 2,5 1.5 2,0 2,5 65 1 79,86 79,10 78.51 81,30 80.85 80,05 2 69,80 67,41 66,51 78,50 75,60 75,60 3 61,71 56,81 53,86 70,20 55,62 55,60 4 53,73 49,12 45,81 58,60 40,21 40,21 5 49,62 57,10 36,34 43,81 34,51 34,51 6 37,81 32,00 26,65 37,91 29,62 29,62 7 29,12 25,72 23,85 31,32 24,81 23,80 8 26,35 22,31 21,96 26,71 23,22 22,52 9 22,40 21,06 20,72 23,60 21,23 20,85 70 1 79,61 78,50 78.10 80,91 79,21 79,65 2 68,50 66,50 65.72 77,80
74,60 73,72 3 60,61 55,82 52.96 69,65 54,12 50,60 4 51,75 46,20 43.09 52,70 38,16 36,51 5 47,61 36,12 35.44 41,76 32,70 27,63 6 31,52 28,56 28.23 34,72 23,65 22,01 7 27,56 23.35 22.91 29,91 21,86 21,00 8 23,42 20,60 19,62 24,85 20,63 19,85 9 21,5 19,61 17.50 22,01 19,23 17,90 80 1 78.50 78,25 77,32 80,10 79,10 78,62 2 66.01 65,24 62,75 75,29 72,60 71,60 3 54.79 54,04 51,42 63,68 49,48 46,53 4 46.17 45,27 42,85 50,70 35,47 32,65 5 37.12 34,15 31,20 39,71 28,60 25,42 6 28,90 27,50 24,50 32,81 22,40 21,62 7 24,36 22,20 21,60 28,60 21,22 19,53 8 22,10 19,90 18.80 23,20 20,32 18,71 9 19.60 17,76 16,86 20,50 18,23 16,95 · the same effect was recorded when air speed was increased from 1.5 to 2.5 m/s; · the rate of humidity reduction is uneven, the highest quantity of water evaporating in the first 2-6 hours; · the dehydration process of plums and apricots takes place in the most favorable conditions when air temperature is comprised between 65 and 70 oC and when air speed

A laser scanning system is used to collect the 3D discrete point data of the facial model, which will be cut up by their characteristics and curvature in order to make a 3D face reconstruction.
Data Acquisition System Composition and Working Principle.
The 3D surface reconstruction system mainly consists of two parts: A, data acquisition section.
B, the data processing section.
Because the existing laser scanning range is limited, a facial surface model by 1:3 scaled down becomes the object of data acquisition in this paper.

Extraction of iron from copper-smelting slag can be carried out by reduction with carbon [11-14].
According to the data given in [24], the iron associated in the solid slag with the silica in the fayalite 2FeO∙SiO2 in the process of oxidizing roasting of the slag in the result of the disproportionation of fayalite stands out as a separate phase of Fe3O4, which interacts with CaCl2 with the formation of ferric chloride FeCl2, limiting the interaction of the copper compounds with the chlorinator.
It follows from these data that the rate of removing copper from the slag is most probably determined by the diffusion of copper through the scale layer to the surface of the chlorinator.
Borodin, Reduction of the iron from the slag of sulphuric cupreous melting by the products of gasification of carbon, Izvestiya.
Gumowska, Hydrometallurgical recovery of copper and cobalt from reduction-roasted copper converter slag, Minerals Engineering. 22(1) (2009) 88–95

In principle, the damage characteristics may vary with several factors such as the external thermal loading and the mineral structure of raw materials made mortar [12-13], but very few data are available to discuss the significance of these parameters.
The reduction in flexural strength was clearly observed in both cases.
(a) JP ISO (b) TH ISO Fig. 5 In-depth mesoscopic flexural strength In addition to the flexural strength, the modulus of elasticity could be also determined from the experimental data of flexural test.
The result shows that the reduction in modulus of elasticity was clearly indicated.
This can cause the reduction in mechanical properties of mortar.

After annealing at single-phase β region (50°C above the β transus temperature) for 1 h, the alloy was hot rolled from Φ30 mm to Φ8 mm in diameter with three passes (the reduction achieved per pass ≤ 70%) being performed without reheating.
The experimental data were processed to obtain the orientation distribution functions (ODFs).
In most cases, the ODFs data identifies two prominent orientations which are termed as α and γ fibres in bcc metals and alloys [22, 23], and shown in Fig. 5 for all the samples.
As the deformation temperature increases from 750°C to 850°C at the condition of 50% compression reduction, the major texture component are {111}<110> and {111}<112>.
The present results differ from the texture development feature of TLM titanium alloy during cold compressing at 50% compression reduction observed by our research in past [24].

Three load conditions are considered by adding two lanes with reduction coefficient 1 or three lanes with reduction coefficient 0.78 or four lanes with reduction coefficient 0.67.
The deviations between two series data are mostly less than 2%.
The difference among the five series data is very small.
Research on Transverse Load Distribution and Lateral Reduction Coefficient in Widening of Highway Girder Bridges.
Effects of traffic vibration on curing concrete stitch: Part II-cracking, debonding and strength reduction.

On the other hand, although the stress-strain curves superposition technique represents an easier method in terms of experiments and data treatment, supposes the non occurrence of energy loss in the process and work hardening independence on the strain path.
In this case, sectioned stepped cylindrical bars were employed in the study, in order to allow the calculation of the straining distribution along the cross section of the drawn metal considering both reductions of area evaluated in the analysis.
Six operation conditions were considered in the analysis, involving three die semi-angle α and two reductions of area r, whose details are given in Table 1, as well as the external deformation ε and the parameter ∆ related to them.
Concerning the images displayed in figure 2, the occurrence of increasing changes or distortion of the grid lines as the area reduction and the die semi-angle increase is clearly verified.
For both methods, despite the dispersion of the data and the differences in terms of values, increasing relationships between φ and ∆ are clearly observed.