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Modern nanomaterials sciences include the numerical simulations as a practical way of validating the theoretical approaches through the use of computer experiments.
Generally speaking, compared with the bulk materials, nano-sized ones are characterized by the fact that the ratio of the number of surface to volume atoms is not small and so one can expect that the diffusion should be induced by the surface effect of nanoparticles and be dominated by surface atoms of nuclei.
The model introduced here may be useful in the analysis of the other phase transitions in small systems, in bulk nanocrystalline materials and closely related problems.
Wangyu, Xiao Shifahg, Yang Jianyu, Zhi Zhang: The European Physical Journal B Vol. 45 (2005), p.547
Lu: Science Vol. 299 (2003), p.686.

In addition, these unique properties have made them useful in a wide range of applications and technological advancements such as power, composite materials, electronic devices and support in catalysis with useful outcomes [12-15].
Materials and Methods CNT Production The CNTs were produced by the decomposition of acetylene in a horizontal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) reactor over a bimetallic Fe-Co catalyst supported on CaCO3 [22, 23].
Chou, Advances in science and technology of carbon nanotubes and their composites: a review, Compos.
Cui, Microstructure evolution of 20CrMnTi steel during vacuum carburizing and quenching process, Materials Research Express, 7(1) (2020) 016533
Gantois, Carbon diffusion and phase transformations during gas carburizing of high-alloyed stainless steels: Experimental study and theoretical modeling, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 47 (4) (2016) 1725-1738, 2016

Ismail1,e 1Al-Azhar Lab for Solar Cell Research, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyut 71121, Egypt 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aYasser_ami@yahoo.com, besam_ramadan2008@yahoo.com, cdrahmedalihassan@gmail.com, dsayedomr15@yahoo.com, eabdelrahmanaziz9899@gmail.com Keywords: Inverted organic solar cells; Silver back-electrode; Manual spray deposition.
All the last efforts for improving wettability of PEDOT:PSS solution may impose a negative effect on IOSC performance through adding chemical additives or use of UV-ozone which may change the chemistry of the PEDOT:PSS material or may damage the surface of active layer, respectively.
Acknowledgements This work has been financially supported by Science & Technology Development Fund (STDF), Ministry of State for Scientific Research, Egypt through the Capacity Building grant [grant number 4959].
Ramesh, Solution Processed Inverted Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Under Ambient Air-Atmosphere, Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 28 (2018) 1029-1036
Sahdan, Influence of Spinning Speed on the Properties of Sol-Gel Spin Coated ZnO Films, Advanced Materials Research 970 (2014) 115-119

HSK63A toolholder was built based on the ISO12164-1 standard using the parametric method, their physical and mechanical properties were shown as follow in Table 1: Table 1 Material properties of HSK63A tool system components Appellation Material Density [Kg/m3] Young modulus [GPa] Poisson ratio Tensile strength limit [MPa] Yield strength [MPa] Tool holder 40CrNi2Mo 7.85 193 0.284 1240 1178 Cutting tool Cemented Carbide 19.3 400 0.28 980 750 We combined the toolholder and collect chunk as one part for reducing the computing scale with the finite element method, so we only need to establish finite element model of toolholder and cutting tool.
Davies and M.D.Kennedy: Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 123(2001), pp. 700～707

Fig. 3 Positions for presetting anti-deformation on the stringer Fig. 4 Positioning and clamping point of the set The determination of anti-deformation Anti-deformation ƒ0 of frame rails is preliminarily estimated by formula (1)[8]: f0=== (1) Where is yield strength of materials at high temperature, E2 is elastic modulus, l is the length of the stringer, y is the distance of the weld away from the neutral axis.
Journal of Japan Welding Socity，1959，27（6）：13-20
Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology Library, 2005.4

The transmission of chloride ion in concrete is a complicated procedure, which is not only related to the external environment, but also the material properties and quality of concrete itself.
Arliguie: submitted to Material and Structures (1998) [4] Y.S.
Xu: submitted to Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (2006) [9] Duracrete.
Chen: submitted to Tsinghua Science and Technology (2008) [11] B.J.

Proceedings of IMarEST - Part A - Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology,. 2005 Dec;Volume 2005(Number 7):25–32(8)
Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg, Germany: IMarEST, Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology; 1993. p. 9.1–9.14
Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2011 Oct;121-126

Tab 1 Cylinders sample chemical composition Found GB5099 standards specified value comparison Chemical composition C S P S+P Si Mn Measured values 0.40 0.006 0.014 0.02 0.27 1.73 Standard Values 0.33-0.40 ≤0.030 ≤0.035 ≤0.06 0.17-0.37 1.35-1.75 According to GB/T228-2002 Metallic materials-room temperature tensible test method, the mechanical properties of the samples of the accident cylinders are measured, and results are shown in Table 2.
Analysis and Calculation on Filling Process Explosion of Oxygen Cylinder Containing Oil[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2011(4):18～23(In Chinese) [7]ZHUANG Shengqiang, FENG Yimin.

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province in China (Grant No: 2012A020602043).
Journal of Image and Graphics, 2011, 16(10): 1826-1831.
Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 403-408: 2271-2276.

Wahdan2,d 1Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt 2Faculty of Engineering, Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt aHanaa.ghorab@gmail.com. bHossam-heliopolis@hctc.com, cali.shnor@feng.bu.edu.eg, deng_hamdy.whdan2031@yahoo.com Keywords: Portland limestone cement; Calcined clays, Sulfate solutions, Compressive strength, Expansion, 5oC Abstract.
The use of calcined clays as pozzolanic material in cement is known as early as the beginning of the twentieth century [1].
The fineness of the ground material was 3654 (cm2/g) Blaine.
On the durability of Portland limestone cement: effect of pH on the thaumasite formation HBRC Journal (accepted, in press)