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The structures, morphologies and in vitro bioactivity of the composite scaffolds were investigated.
The pore structures and surface morphologies of pore wall of the composite scaffolds were characterized by FE-SEM.
It could be seen that MBG scaffolds exhibited a high porous structure with pore sizes ranging from 200 to 500 μm (Fig.2 A1).
Chemistry of materials, 2006, 18(13): 3137-3144
Solutions able to reproduce in vivo surface-structure changes in bioactive glass-ceramic A-W3 [J].

UV and IR data confirmed commonly the formation of Schiff base as well as aromatic segment in molecular structures.
The difference of thermal stability is mainly attributed to the formation of Schiff base group and aromatic substituent groups in molecular structure.
The structures of these molecules were confirmed by 1H NMR.
Chemical structures and abbreviations of Schiff base derivatives.
Now, the photoisomerization of these compounds and synthesis of new azobenzene derivatives with more complicated structures are under investigation.

From room temperature up to 1170 °C thermodynamically stable is the monoclinic polymorph (m-ZrO2), having a distorted fluorite-type (CaF2) structure, with a Zr atom in coordination seven.
In the present work we investigated the reaction feasibility of solid state chemistry via ball milling, and investigated technological conditions.
As is shown in Fig.4, the sample A is a network structure, sample B is a spherical morphology with no hard aggregation, with an average particle size of 15 nm and sample C was a fragment.
At the heating rate of 2.5°C/min, a network structure ZrO2 can be prepared for the first time.
Journal of Molecular Structure 744–747 (2005) 127–133 [13] A.V.

The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the Fe3O4 nanosheets have magnetite structure and its nine distinguishable diffraction peaks can be perfectly indexed to the (111), (220), (311), (222), (400), (422), (511), (440), and (533) planes of the fcc structure of magnetite.
Magnetic Fe3O4 nanomaterials with unique properties depend decisively on their size, shape, and structure [4].
In this article Fe3O4 nanosheets were successfully synthesized using P123 micelles as structure-directing agents and its morphorgy, structure, and magnetism were characterized.
In present work, we infer that the formed lamellar micelles were used as the structure-directing agents in the reaction system.
Ni: Progress in Chemistry Vol. 21 (2009), p. 880 [3] J.L.

The Succession of Microbial Community in CSTR Hydrogen Production System Liu Xiaoye1, a , Wang Lu1,b , Li Yongfeng1,2,c , Zhang Baihui1,d 1,2 School of Forestry , Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040,China 2 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University Engineering and Science,Shanghai, 201620,China a 1968050241@163.com;b eileen_1986@163.com, cdr_lyf@163.com, d zhangbaihui007@163.com Keywords: structure of microbial population, climax community, community succession, ethanoltype fermentation Abstrac: The continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is used for the experimental device.
We discuss that the succession of climax community of the ecosystem according to composition of terminal liquid products and gas products, and the effect of the change of 'causing factor'-organic loading rate(OLR) on the structure of microbial communities in the CSTR system, and the feedback regulation among the 'following factors'( pH value, ORP value) and structure of microbial community.
There is a direct relationship between microbial communities and ecological factors, the changes of ecological factors would influent the structure of microbial community as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics of bacterial.
Therefore, we can find the dynamic mechanism and predict the developed trend of communities from the study of structure and succession rules of mixed microbial community of CSTR system.
The structure and succession of microbial community are monitored using DGGE technology in bio-hydrogen production reactor, [J].

Aluminium was found to play a key role in the process of forming a mechanically stable and highly porous, granular structure of 4H silicon carbide.
Usually the porous structure is obtained by sintering the elemental constituents at temperatures above 2000°C in an inert atmosphere [3-7].
It is proposed that this matrix acts as a 3-D template for the final SiC structure.
The final structure is stable and has large pores, 17-20µm diameter, with a 65% accessible porosity (insert in Fig. 4).
The growth conditions are carbon-rich, as residual carbon is found in the structure as minor dark clusters on the crystal surfaces (Fig. 5).

Synthesis and mesomorphic property of 2,5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole/ thiadiazole derivatives bearing a terminal thiophene unit Jie Han1, a, Feng-Yan Zhang1 and Juan-Yu Wang1 1 Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China a hanjie@nankai.edu.cn Keywords: Heterocyclic liquid crystals, 1,3,4-Oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, Thiophene, Synthesis Abstract.
The results indicate that 1,3,4-thiadiazole-based compounds are more beneficial to form stable mesophases than the corresponding 1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues, and the compounds with a central furan unit as the rigid core may result in the loss of the meosgenic behaviors due to the non-linear molecular structure.
The differences in the liquid crystalline property of compounds 2a-2d may be explained according to the geometrical and electronic factors derived from the molecular structures.
Compared to the 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole units, the lateral dipole moment of furan ring is rather small, in addition, the whole molecular shape of compounds containing a central furan moiety deviates greatly from the linear structure due to the small bond angle (129.5°).
Hauptmann: The Chemistry of Heterocycles - Structure, Reactions, Syntheses, and Applications (2nd Edition) (WILEY-VCH Verlag, GmbH&Co.

The XRD result concluded that the conductive materials have intercalated structure.
Graphene are two-dimensional carbon nano-fillers with single atom thick structure of sp2 bonded carbon atom densely packed in a hexagonal honeycomb crystal lattice structure has attract public interest due to excellent reinforcement, high mechanical properties and electrical properties [9].
The presence of the characteristic peak at 2θ position of the (1 1 1) in the two- matrix system conductive materials and from the shift of the diffraction peaks, it can be conclude that the conductive materials have an intercalated structure.
Clayton, Epoxy resins: Chemistry and technology, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988
Pinnavaia, Mechanism of clay tactoid exfoliation in epoxy-clay nanocomposites, Chemistry Materials 7(11) (1995) 2144-2150

The oxygen diffusion study used CMP sample brings the useful information on the oxygen defect chemistry in Sm doped BaTiO3.
Hence, planarization of sample surface without modification of defect structure is absolutely necessary to carry out diffusivity study.
In this study, we employed semiconducting Sm doped BaTiO3 sample with (Ba,Sm)/Ti ratio of exactly 1.000 and examined three different ways of surface preparation to consider the effect of mechanical process to the defect structure in BaTiO3.
As a result, we impact of surface preparation to defect structure of BaTiO3 and discuss role of Sm doping based of the results obtained through the careful analyses of oxygen diffusivity.
When BaTiO3 ceramics were placed at the diffusion temperature, the crystal structure changed to the cubic, and then the grain boundary behaves the isotropic feature for the diffusion.

It is demonstrated that in the vicinity the maximum concentration of lithium atoms are arranged in a tubular structure similar to the structure of the gold nanotubes [8].
Fig.1 Starting (a) and optimized (b) structure of CNT (7, 7) when n is 5 of sulfur atoms.
Five stable configurations are obtained after optimization of these structures.
For the structure, in which the sulfur has the belt structure (3×2 atoms), there is the minimal energy for the adsorption of six of sulfur atoms.
Wong: Topics in Current Chemistry Vol. 231 (2003) p. 1–30.