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While studies of eggshell concrete or rubberized concrete are present, it is a new approach to replace both cement and sand with waste materials.
Many researches also attempted to derive a more accurate expression especially when replacement materials were involved [41-42].
(Sciences Eng., 62 (2013) 95–101
Strukar, Recycled rubber as an aggregate replacement in self-compacting concrete-literature overview, Materials (Basel)., 11 (2018)
Rashad, A comprehensive overview about recycling rubber as fine aggregate replacement in traditional cementitious materials, Int.

INTRODUCTION Magnetorheological fluids are included in the category of Smart Materials because their viscosity can be controlled by an external stimulus.
Weiss, ‘Magnetorheological materials based on alloy particles’, US5382373A, Jan. 17, 1995 Accessed: Jan. 07, 2021.
Munoz, ‘A model of the behaviour of magnetorheological materials’, Smart Mater.
Magnetorheological Fluid-Based High Precision Finishing Technology’, in RSC Smart Materials, N.
Brunetti, ‘Magnetorheological fluids applications’, in Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 2021.

Experimental Materials All chemicals were obtained commercially and used without further purification unless otherwise stated.
Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia, edited by J.C.
Epoxidized Natural Rubber, volume 4, chapter 3, Elsevier Applied Science (1987)
Materials: from Fundamentals to Applications, volume 5 of Research at Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia (2005)
Chinese Journal of Chemistry Vol. 27 (2009), p. 369

Puchkov, Materials Science Forum Vols. 467-470 (2004) pp 323-328 [5] P.
XL, 2002, pp. 1105-1116 [6] Marmulev A.V., Herman G., Poliak E.I., Kaputkina L.M., Proceeding of International Conference Materials Science and Technology (MS&T) 2011, 2011, October 16-20, Columbus, Ohio, USA, p. 470 – 476 [7] J.K.
Wilshire, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, V.120, (2002), pp. 316-321 [8] S.

Journal Citation (to be inserted by the publisher ) Copyright by Trans Tech Publications Effect of Surface Morphology and Crystal Structure on Bioactivity of Titania Films Formed on Titanium Metal via Anodic Oxidation in Sulfuric Acid Solution Tian-Ying Xiong 1 , Xin-Yu Cui 1,2 , Hyun-Min Kim 3 , Masakazu Kawashita2 , Tadashi Kokubo4 , Jie Wu1 , Hua-Zi Jin1 and Takashi Nakamura5 1 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R.
China tyxiong@imr.ac.cn 2 Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 3 Department of Ceramic Engineering, School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Yonsei University 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea 4 Research Institute for Science and Technology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-8501, Japan 5 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Keywords: titanium metal, anodic oxidation, sulfuric acid solution, apatite, simulated body fluid Abstract.
They are called bioactive ceramics, and have been used as important bone repairing materials.
An essential requirement for an artificial material to bond to living bone is the formation of a bonelike apatite layer on its surface in a body environment.

Titanium also exhibits a higher resistance to corrosion than either aluminium alloys or low-alloy steels; thus it is usually preferred to these materials in corrosive aerospace applications (Ezugwu 2003).
Materials Proper- ties Handbook: Titanium Alloys, 1994 (American Society for Metals, Materials Park, Ohio)
Superalloys: A Technical Guide, 2002 (American Society for Metals, Materials Park, Ohio)
Wear mechanisms of ultra-hard cutting tool materials.
Asian Int’l Journal of Sci. and Tech. in Production and Manufacturing 1(2): 105-110

Development of a Plasma-Based Process for the Deposition of Adherent Diamond-Like Carbon Coating on Titanium Implants AUDET Chloé1,a, CHEVALLIER Pascale1,b, RUBIO Sandra2,c, HOUSSIAU Laurent2,d and MANTOVANI Diego1,e* 1Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Dept of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Laval University & University Hospital Research Center, Quebec City, Canada 2Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium achloe.audet.2@ulaval.ca, bpascale.chevallier@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca, csandra.rubioaguado@unamur.be, dlaurent.houssiau@unamur.be, ediego.mantovani@gmn.ulaval.ca Keywords: Surface modification, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, diamond-like carbon, Ti-alloy medical implant.
Among these coatings, diamond-like carbon (DLC) has emerged as a promising material due to its superior mechanical and tribological properties, chemical inertness and stability.
Materials and Methods Sample preparation.
Pint-Bilat-P n° R.P005.22), as well by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
Palin, Bacterial adhesion mechanisms on dental implant surfaces and the influencing factors, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 69 (2016) 58-71

This happens due to different processes employed during production of gasoline and also due to characteristics of the petroleum used as raw material.
V., Consequence modeling using the fire dynamics simulator, Journal of Hazardous Materials 115 (2004) 149-154
W., Numerical Investigation of Neutral and Unstable Planetary Boundary Layers, Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 (1972) 91–115

For these reasons, our future work will be focused on employing shell-fluids of various material and rheological compositions in order to enhance the heat-exchange characteristics and hence improve the efficiency of the heat-exchanger design.
Eegunjobi, Numerical investigation of entropy generation in an unsteady flow through a porous pipe with suction, International Journal of Exergy, 12(3), 2013, 279-297.[34] J.G.
Chinyoka, Benchmark solutions of the stabilized computations of flows of fluids governed by the Rolie-Poly constitutive model, Journal of Physics Communications, 4(1), 2020, 015024
Sravani, The Systematic Comparision on Analysis of Parallel Flow and Counter Flow Heat Exchanger by using CFD and Practicle Methods, International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, 7, 2021, 153-161
Almerbati, Evolutionary Design of Compact Counterflow Heat Exchanger, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4085355 [44] S.

Excavation optimization analysis model According to the geological survey report, the more-coulomb constitutive model was adopted in the calculation process, and the mechanical indexes of the surrounding rock in the calculation area were shown in Table 2: Material Parameter Table.
Material Parameter Elastic Modulus /GPa Poisson's ratio Cohesive force /MPa Internal friction angle /º Surrounding rock 1.5 0.3 0.45 30 Primary support 36.6 0.2 Second liner 33.5 0.2 Rock bolt 210 0.69 30 In the process of calculation, the Mohr-coulomb model was used to simulate the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the elastic model was used to simulate the initial support concrete, and shell element was used to simulate the secondary lining.
Acknowledgement The authors acknowledge the financial support of the National Science of China (51478118, 51678164), the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Program (2018GXNSFDA138009), the Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Projects (AD18126011) and the China Scholarship Council.
Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology (Natural Science) 38(04),66-71+119-120 [2] Zeng Shuai. 2019.
China Railway Science 24(5):23~28