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Online since: July 2015
Authors: Yan Zou
Based on proposing the basic evaluation index of the thermal performance, the study analyzed the effect of outdoor temperature and wind speed on the heat recovery efficiency and the reduction of fresh air load.
This study measured the performance of plate fresh/exhaust sensible heat recovery system during winter and summer operation period, and chose stable test data to make sure the reliability of analysis data.
But the effect is limited under humid climate conditions and the reduction of fresh air load is even less than 10%.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Ahmad Tarmizi Abdul Karim, Norshuhaila Mohamed Sunar, Quin Emparan, S.F.M. Noor, M. Maslan
The results show that contamination of biodiesel/diesel blends in soil induced a reduction growth of P. putida.
Based on ‘Eurostat’ data there were 484.8 million tons of oil products used in the European Union (EU) in 2003, which was by 2% higher than in 2002 [2].
The presence of B5 biodiesel/diesel blends into soil was induced a reduction in growth of P. putida started at Day 9.
Sample Bioremediation period (Day); P. putida growth (CFU/ml) (n=3) 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 B5 1.2x107 2.6x107 4.4x107 5.0x107 3.2x107 2.4x107 1.2x107 5.0x106 5.0x106 Control 4.5x107 5.1x107 5.9x107 6.5x107 5.5x107 4.1x107 2.3x107 1.5x107 1.0x107 Conclusion Based on the obtained data it is concluded that the contamination of soil with biodiesel/diesel blends influenced the survival of P. putida.
Online since: November 2005
Authors: J.M. Rodriguez-Ibabe
− smaller total reduction during hot rolling
It is necessary to recognize that the majority of the published data have been obtained from laboratory heats, while in a smaller amount of works the analysis has been focused on industrial samples.
On the other hand, in the case of Ti-Nb steels, a reduction of Cu content was proposed, as it was observed that coprecipitation of (Ti,Nb)(C,N) could occurred on previously formed CuS particles [17].
Furthermore, from the data of Ref. 34 it is observed that if an important amount of Ti remains in solution, this element, as Nb, may also produce retardation on the recrystallization kinetics.
Fig. 8 shows an example of the data provided by the model.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Roberto Roberti, Annalisa Pola, Ermanno Bertoli, Disman Furloni
Different chemical compositions, based on either foundry or wrought Al alloys, have been investigated by means of computational thermodynamics (Pandat ® ), producing quantitative data about solidus-liquidus interval, solid fraction as a function of temperature, phase diagrams i.e. potential for age hardening, etc..
The simulation approach produces, for a selected alloy chemical composition, quantitative data of the solidus-liquidus range, temperature dependent solid fraction and enthalpy and potential for age hardening.
The alloys were produced starting from pure elements, to confirm the data supplied from thermodynamic calculations, and then processed, according to the following work sequence: mechanical stirring from liquid state to a specific solid fraction percentage, complete solidification in air, re-heating, injection in a small laboratory die and finally heat treatment (T6).
Silicon is the main aluminum alloying element; its primary effects are the improvement of fluidity, castability and hot tearing resistance and the reduction of thermal shrinkage.
For the same reasons, copper was added, for the formation of CuAl2, in small amount to avoid excessive reduction in alloy fluidity.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Qiu Ju Zhang
Biomass method is used to speculate the carbon storage amount of regional forest system basing on the sum of various biomass numbers in the forest and local stochastic sampling survey data.
The former conducts carbon sink estimation based on forest resource survey data.
The latter ignores other factors of forest ecological system, easily resulting in errors in the data obtained.
Since it is lack of the detailed data related to urban garden green land carbon sink currently, this study employs the study result above to estimate the carbon sink capacity of the garden green land in Jiangmen.
All these data indicated that Jiangmen shows a huge carbon sink volume potential.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Mario Trotea, Gabriela Monica Pană
The materials present, after conditioning at 80°C, an important reduction of the bending elasticity modulus Ei, up to 58-84,46% compared to benchmark value.
A more important reduction of the elasticity modulus is recorded at materials formed by pressure.
A larger reduction of elasticity modulus is recorded at materials formed by pressure.
The mat armed materials show, after thermostatting at -30°C, a reduction of bending characteristics.
Conclusions The obtained results give to designers of automotive body parts experimental data to adopting the best solutions in terms of composite material of choice for reinforcement, of determining reinforcement percentage and technology training.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Ai Jun Li, Zheng Li
., with carbon capture) 0 0 0 0 Table 2 Technical parameters about coal-fired power generation technologies Efficiency Generation Cost (Yuan/kWh) Construction Cost (Yuan/kW) SO2 (g/kWh) NOx (g/kWh) CO2 (g/kWh) Hg (μg/kWh) Normal Units 1 0.33 0.30 4500 6.7 3.0 1019 51.4 Normal Units 2 0.33 0.33 5100 1.1 3.0 1050 51.4 Normal units 3 0.33 0.35 5500 1.1 1.2 1050 51.4 Ultra-supercritical units 1 0.44 0.35 5700 0.5 0.87 710 38.5 Ultra-supercritical units 2 0.348 0.64 11000 0.06 0.07 106 53.8 Ultra-supercritical units 3 0.315 0.61 10200 0.08 0.09 117 49.1 Ultra-supercritical units 4 0.354 0.72 12400 0.05 0.06 92 47.9 Supercritical units 1 0.37 0.35 6300 0.5 0.87 873 45.8 CHP 1 0.55 0.26 5000 4.8 1.6 630 30.8 CHP 2 0.75 0.29 5500 0.5 0.87 462 22.6 FBC 0.37 0.43 6750 1.6 0.6 873 45.8 IGCC 1 0.419 0.42 7250 0.075 0.082 744 40.5 IGCC 2 0.359 0.53 9300 0.075 0.082 142 47.2 Note: Above data are estimated according to the references [2-4, 7].
Table 3 Prediction of energy-saving and emissions abatement for Coal-fired power sector in China 2002 2010 2020 2030 Energy transformation efficiency(%) 39.3 42.8 48.4 51.2 SO2 emission factor(g/kWh) 5.70 3.08 1.10 0.52 NOx emission factor(g/kWh) 2.65 2.06 1.26 0.79 CO2 emission factor(g/kWh) 908 851 779 717 Hg emission factor (μg/kWh) 50.74 48.56 46.12 44.72 coal conservation(104 tce) standard 10128 48617 78241 SO2 emission reductions(104 tons) standard 893 3122 4575 NOx emission reductions(104 tons) standard 203 949 1647 CO2 emission reductions(108 tons) standard 1.9 8.7 16.8 Hg emission reductions (ton) standand 7.41 16.58 12.30 The effects of energy-saving and emissions abatement in coal-fired power industry caused by technological progress can be simulated as shown in table 3.
Owing to the development of advanced coal-fired power technology for the China's coal-fired power and heating industry, SO2 emission reductions will achieve 45.75 million tons, NOx emission reductions will achieve 16.47 million tons, mercury emissions will achieve 394.77 ton, and CO2 emission reductions will achieve 1.68 billion tons only in 2030 (i.e., compared with energy transformation efficiency and emission factors in 2002).
Li: Analysis on energy-saving & emission-reduction effects of technological progress in coal-fired power industry of China.
Online since: March 2021
Authors: Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman, Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus, Siti Noorbaini Sarmin, Nur Sakinah Mohamed Tamat
Reduction of hemicellulose by alkaline treatment is the major reason that the thickness swelling of composites decreases [11].
The data obtained are useful for the wood composite manufacturer in preparing wood composite and to consider Kelempayan as a good substitute to rubberwood for coming years.
The treatment promotes the reduction of amorphous constituents such as hemicellulose (HE), lignin and extractives.
As shown in Figure 1(c), the reduction of extractives could lead to the presence of more pits in the particle surfaces.
The pits are revealed by alkaline treatment due to the reduction of extractives.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Marco Valente
Effective slab widths were computed and calibrated to match experimental data.
In case of high seismic action equal to 0.3g the rotation reduction was significant, producing a considerable decrease of the demand-to-capacity ratio.
Consequently, a significant reduction of the demand-to-capacity ratio values can be observed for the columns compared to the bare structure.
Both the use of FRP wrapping and R/C jacketing decreased the damage at the column base, providing a considerable reduction of the demand-to-capacity ratio.
A significant reduction of the demand-to-capacity ratio values was observed for the columns of the FRP retrofitted structure.
Online since: January 2005
Authors: Y.P. Lee, H.K. Lee, Horst Baier, Youn Seoung Lee, J.S. Park
The reduction of HC is due to a reduction in the strain with the grain growth [13,14].
Since the data were obtained after eliminating the surface contamination with Ar + ions, the variation in the Ca/La ratio is not very significant.
These results support the result for oxygen deficiency inferred from the reduction of TM-I in Fig. 3.
The increase of grain size leads to the reduction of grain boundary.
Also, the reduction of grain boundary can lead to the oxygen deficiency of the samples annealed in air because the grain boundary is a way which supplies oxygen.
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