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Dependence of the roughness of the interlayer bimetal steel-brass from the relative reduction in cold rolling.
As seen in Figure 1, with the relative reduction of the order of ε = 0.15-0.20 achieved by intimate contact between the joined metals.
However, to obtain the points of cold welding layers of samples need to be deformed with relative reduction ε≥0.45.
As seen in Figure 2, with the increase of the block size is reduced deformation, in which the formation of cold welding points, which agrees well with the experimental data G.P.Upit [3].
Savin, Calculation of the Amount of the Reduction Required for the Formation of Compound Layers during Cold Rolling of Bimetals,Materials Science Forum, 870 (2016) 328-333

This can be related by reduction of bond strength of galvanized rebar with concrete [10, 12, 13].
Based on theoretically calculated value of Est, the duration was determined; if the Est value is higher, then oxygen reduction takes over.
Cement composition CEM I 42.5 R (Čížkovice), data given by producer (table does not show insoluble remnant 0.7 wt. % and annealing loss of 3.3 wt. %) Component CaO SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 SO3 MgO Na2O K2O wt. % 63.8 19.3 4.6 3.2 3.2 1.3 0.09 0.78 Prismatic specimens of cement paste were used to determine optical conductivity using modified electrochemical impedance technique (dependence of electrical conductivity of solid specimen σ on frequency of alternating power source) – see Fig. 1.
Even lower levels of contamination (1 wt. %) lead to clear reduction of conductivity (by approx. 15 %), contamination with 2 wt. % reduces conductivity by up to 70 %.
The possibility of hydrogen evolution after 6 days of exposure cannot be completely eliminated, however it can be expected, that cathodic reaction of oxygen reduction also produces significant acoustic signal.

Reductions of section of SN, SO, AN, AO, S, A samples were measured and compared (Table 2).
Table 2 Reduction of areas of strands (AVG) Specimen SN SO S AN AO A Reductions of section 31.00% 32.38% 42.23% 74.91% 74.04% 87.65% Metallographic specimens were prepared from SN, SO and S fractured samples, and their longitudinal microstructure were observed with model 4×C metallographic microscope (Fig.5).
According to experimental data in table.2, the reductions of section of fracture steel strands and Al strands are 10% larger than those of new and old steel strands and Al strands, which indicate that the area near fracture surface suffered high temperature.
(3) The reductions of section of fracture steel strands and Al strands are 10% larger than those of new and old steel strands and Al strands.

The reduction ductility was obtained; even though Al/B4C offers 4.33% of elongation which is greater than the remaining two MMCs.
To reduce the porosity the of the cast composites and to improve the particle distribution within aluminium matrix, the cast composites were subjected to hot rolling at 4200C with a reduction ratio of 1/10.
The experimental data shows that the Vickers hardness of the cast MMCs is varying from 96 Hv to 138 Hv shown if Fig. 10.
The introduction of hard reinforcement particles into aluminium alloy results in a significant reduction in their ductility is shown in Fig. 12.
The reduction ductility was obtained; even though Al/B4C offers 4.33% of elongation which is greater than the remaining two MMCs.

For achieving the size reduction the metal sheets must be cold worked up to the desired thickness and during this process voids occurs and stress is induced in the material along with microstructural changes.
The thickness reduction was in the range 20 to 93 % from the initial thickness.
In order to obtain reliable data, multiple images recorded at the same magnification were analyzed and the mean result is given in this paper.
In aluminium the precipitates (usually known to exist for this alloy) retard the tendency to form dense dislocation walls [16], behaviour that can also lead to void reduction as the cold work value increases.
The increase on the surface is the effect of the sample stretch and the reduction on section is the effect of sample compression.

It is thus necessary to introduce an EB factor, called land use change, to reflect the EB caused by disruption or reduction of habitat.
But because of a shortage of LCI data, the quantification of all the EB factors is impossible in reality.
Concrete’s EB factors shown in Table 1 are considered in this study, based on the present state of LCI data in Japan.
In the future, with the storage of LCI data, the EB factors, which can’t be considered at present, may be quantitatively evaluated, e.g. release of chemical matter, etc, and the estimation of the EB factors, which are considered now, will become more reliable such as the loss of natural environment resource.
Using whether Eq. (1) or Eq. (2) to access the EPI, environmental input-output intensity data of various raw materials and processes are certainly necessary.

The simulation results show that the CH4, H2, and CO2 production efficiency is 35, 18, and 5%, respectively, which underperformed the experimental data (see the below discussion).
However, there is no significant difference in the amount of biogas produced under different temperatures in this study (data not shown).
There is no significant difference in the reduction of carbohydrates with the input voltage of 20 and 25 kV.
In this study, the tested models provided a reasonable fit to the experimental data for DBD and DBD + aerobic with the R2 value being higher than 0.62.
Determination of the (a–b) first-order rate constant and (c–d) second-order rate constant (k) of the reaction of simulated carbohydrate from DBD and DBD + aerobic treatment of POME with the input voltage of 20 kV and 25 kV by the model fitting of observed data for the initial 2 min It can be seen from Fig. 5 that k values plotted from the second-order kinetic model were higher than that first-order kinetic model under all conditions.

This grading would be qualified by production measures established by the shop floor data collection.
The data is ranked by the delivery date, which is the last time the product was roll formed.
This maintains the reliability and integrity of the Profile Database data.
The section profile types define the dimensional data that is stored and which can be searched on.
All data from the feedback report is logged and the Tooling Designer is provided with a copy.

The RFID technology thus allows the automatic acquisition of the data for the identification without a direct contact with the object and the automatic introduction of the data in the tags.
Through the technical data gathered from the available technologies and through the results of the experimental tests, different technologically feasible alternatives can be obtained.
The great volume of correct data fosters the use of preventive and proactive policies, thus reducing the costs of the machine idle time, Figure 3.
The suitability of the application of an RF-ID technology in this field is clear for the following reasons: reduction of the machine idle time, collection of reliable and correct data, optimization of the preventive and inspective policies, possibility of the implementation of proactive policies, reduction of mistakes, certainty of the execution of maintenance tasks, optimization of the multiplants management, data available in real time, elimination of paper.
Also in this case it has been proved that the request of large amounts of saved data is often disadvantageous because it both raises the cost of individual tags and it increases the complexity of the data acquisition system.

For example, Gui, et al [9] found that horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activity exhibited a maximum reduction of nearly 90% at 30Mpa and 55˚C for 60 min, Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in cloudy apple juice could be inactivated with SCCO2 with a decimal reduction time (D value) of 145 min at 30 MPa and 55˚C.
The D value, or decimal reduction time was the treatment time needed for 90% inactivation of initial activity at a given pressure.
Maximum reduction of PPO and POD activities by approximately 49% and 47%, respectively, was achieved by 65˚C for 60 min.
The data in Table 1 were fitted to Eq.(1) and (2), yielding D values of 544, 389, 304, 207 minutes for PPO and 576, 461, 288, 209 minutes for POD following treatment at 35, 45, 55 and 65˚C, respectively.
A maximum reduction in PPO and POD activities of approximately 80% was achieved by treatment at 35 M Pa and 65˚C for 60 min.