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The first evidence for accelerated diffusion in polycrystalline materials was obtained with the use of tracers [6-9].
Stress effect For GB heterodiffusion and self-diffusion in multicomponent (at least, impure) materials the significant difference from the Fisher linearizing coordinates is observed.
Only ∇p can be an additional driving force in deformed materials.
The data obtained for materials of different purities demonstrate that the diffusion in the metal of higher purity is faster.
Herzig: Interface science, V.11 (2003), p.21 [56] A.

Nanomaterials are defined as materials with dimensions less than 100 nm.
In material science, green synthesis is a fascinating technique [16-18].
Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials and Chemicals All the chemicals and reagents used for the preparation of TiO2 NPs were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Limited.
A plot of (F(R) h v)1/n vs hν can be used to estimate the materials Eg.
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic, Polymers and Materials 29 (2019) 1375−1382

Study of Low-Grade Nickel Laterite Processing Using Palm Shell Charcoal as Reductant Bambang Suharno1,a, Nolzha Primadha Ilman1,b, Achmad Shofi2,c, Deni Ferdian1,d, Fajar Nurjaman3,e* 1Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia 2Public Works and Spatial Planning, Rembang Regency,Central Java, Indonesia 3Research Unit for Mineral Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Lampung, Indonesia asuharno@metal.ui.ac.id, bnolzhaprimadha@yahoo.co.id, cachmad.shofi@lipi.go.id, ddeni@metal.ui.ac.id, efajar.nurjaman@lipi.go.id Keywords: lateritic nickel ore, palm kernel shell charcoal, sodium sulfate, selective reduction Abstract.
Most of the industries used coal as non-renewable materials for reductant in nickel ore processing, which contributed to high acidic pollutant emission due to the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide released into the air during the reduction/combustion process [12-13].
The study of biomass as a renewable material for reductant in nickel ore processing should be investigated for lowering the pollutant emission [14].
International Conference of Chemical and Material Engineering(ICCME), 1699(1) (2015) 1-6
International Journal of Mineral Processing 106-109 (2012) 1-7

Introduction Industrial corporations comprise many different disciplines from mechanical engineering to industrial engineering up to computer science.
• Material flow: Just as between the production areas, optimal material flow should be found for the working stations (Figure 13 b)
For example, bottlenecks in the material flow in relation to the workload of the machines can easily be noticed and associated adjustments can be realized (see Fig. 14 c).
Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 8511 LNCS(PART 2):254-263, 2014
The Journal of Hand Surgery, 16(3):409 - 419, 1991

Environmental Impact Evaluation and Economy Analysis of Air-conditioning Cold and Heat Source Based on TEWI Index Changrong LIU 1, 2, a, Hanqing WANG 1, 2, b*, Zhiyong WANG 1, 2, c and Tanyu Zhang 1 1School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412008, Hunan, China 2School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China aLcr711@126.com, bhqwang2006@yahoo.com.cn, czywang668@126.com Keywords: air-conditioning cold and heat source; total equivalent warming impact (TEWI); environmental impact; economy Abstract.
Table 3 TEWI values of different cold and heat source plans Project Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 4 Refrigerant (R22) charge, kg 240 240 - 635 Annual electricity consumption, KWh 514571 482101 140556 309062 Annual gas consumption, Nm3 - 11790 121394 72873 TEWI (D), kg 182400 182400 0 482600 TEWI (I) , kg 3511947 3644039 4601115 4295538 TEWI, kg 3694347 3826439 4601115 4778138 Mitigation rate, % 22.68 19.92 3.70 0 (reference point) Economic Analysis Initial investment The initial investments include the fees of equipments, installation and commissioning and drilling wells of water source heat pump system, in which the equipments contains the cost of units, cooling tower, chilled water circulation pump, cooling water circulation pump and hot water circulation pump equipment etc. , and the corresponding prices being the market price; the expenses of installation and commissioning, including the engine room piping, valves, instrumentation, other material and labor costs, are
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (12JJ4042, 13JJ6065), the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2011BAJ03B07), the Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province (2012WK3040), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11205054), the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (11C0418) and Natural Science research Program of Hunan University of Technology (2011HZX20, 2012HZX19).
Journal of Logistical Engineering University, 2009, 25(1): 73-77 (In Chinese) [19] China Electricity Council. 2011 China Power Industry Annual Development Report [M].
Environmental Science &Technology, 2011, 34(4):86- 92 (In Chinese) [21] IPCC. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories [M].

Constant efforts are being made to make building materials more insulating.
Materials and Methods The Solar Cell: Bioclimatic Technology.
Therefore, construction materials should be chosen accordingly.
Asan, Numerical computation of time lags and decrement factors for different building materials, Build.
Philip, Performance Evaluation of Refractory Bricks produced from locally sourced Clay Materials, J.

The results of some researchers are focusing now on the weldability of those base materials.
Welding dissimilar materials such as high-strength steel becomes a difficult task [4-7].
Materials and Methods II.1.
Materials Yield strength in MPa Ultimate resistance to traction.
Wassell, Hardness measured with traditional Vickers and Martens hardness methods, Dental Materials, 23 (2007), 1079‑1085

d) Non-fuel use: non-fuel use mainly included coal-derived products used as materials in chemical or other industry. 4) End-use In end-use sectors, final energy included eight kinds of energy carriers: raw coal, cleaned coal, briquettes, coke, gas, other coking products, electricity, and heat.
Non-Fuel use Coal-derived products used as materials in chemical or other industry.
Non-Fuel use Coal-derived products used as materials in chemical or other industry.
References [1] BP: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2011, available at http://www.bp.com/assets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2011/STAGING/local_assets/pdf/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2011.pdf [2] IEA: CO2 emissions from fuel combustion highlights 2012, available at http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf [3] Aden Nathaniel, Fridley David and Zheng Nina: China’s Coal: Demand, Constraints, and Externalities, 2009, available at http://china.lbl.gov/publications/china%E2%80%99s-coal-demand-constraints-and-externalities [4] Research team for the medium- and long-term energy development strategy for China: Medium- and Long-term Energy Development Strategy for China- Energy Saving • Coal Volume (Science Press, China 2011), in Chinese
Cullen, Zheng Li: Energy Vol. 40 (2012), p. 174-188 [17] Cullen JM, Allwood JM: Energy Vol. 35 (2010), p. 2059-2069 [18] Schmidt M: Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 12 (2008), p. 82-94 [19] Department of Energy Statistics of National Bureau of Statistics of China: China energy yearbook 2009 (China Statistics Press, China 2010)

Material Properties The development of an appropriate analytical model to predict the behavior of Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) structural members requires a correct representation of the corresponding material characteristics.
Stress-Strain Curve The material properties derived from coupon test are tabulated in table. 1 TABLE.1.
MATERIAL PROPERTIES Sl.
References [1] John T.DeWolf and Clinton J.Gladding (1978), "Journal of the Structural Division, Post-Buckling Behavior of Beam Webs in Flexure", Vol.104, No.ST7, pp 1109-1122
J.," Design of Cold Formed Steel Members ", Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York.

Chondrocytes are harvested from donor material, expanded in monolayer and in most cases introduced to a three-dimensional environment before being transplanted back into same host (autologous) or into another host (allogenic).
Materials and methods Proliferation medium The proliferation medium was DMEM with 4.5g/L glucose GIBCO (life technologies), 10% fetal bovine serum (Cambrex Bio Science Verviers), 1% fungizone (Sigma-Aldrich), 100μg/ml streptomycin, 100 units/ml penicillin, 1% non-essential amino acids (Sigma-Aldrich) and 40μg/ml Proline (Sigma-Aldrich), 20mM L-ascorbic acid (Sigma-Aldrich), 2mM L-glutamine (Life technologies).
Prospects for material-based solutions in tissue engineering.
Poole, Cartilage and diarthrodial joints as paradigms for hierarchical materials and structures.
Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 2008. 455(4): p. 563-73