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Combinations of working and heat treatment alter the microstructure and change the mechanical properties of the metal.
The microstructure and properties can also be affected by adding other elements to titanium.
Mechanical and thermal properties of the cutting tool substrate.
However, to facilitate the data collection, only four dominant factors were considered in the planning of experimentation.
This is partly due to the complex interaction between various physical factors that control delamination: the intrinsic properties of the coating, the tool and those of the interaction between the substrate, the coating and the workpiece.

This study proved that the crystal phase composition and grain size during the solidification process after laser-remelting were a key factor affecting the service performance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
The metallographic structure was one of a key factors affecting the service performance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Huang, Microstructure and properties of pure titanium coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding, Surf.
Xiao, Microstructure and corrosion properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by ultrasonic shot peening, Int.
Tsuji, Mechanical properties of fully martensite microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V alloy transformed from refined beta grains obtained by rapid heat treatment (RHT), Scripta Mater. 138 (2017) 66-70

The material response was considered as thermal expansion, cracking, crushing, yielding and changing of material properties with the temperature increase.
The FE element was modified to allow temperature distribution and material properties changing to throw thickness of the concrete beam.
Abbasi and Hogg [7] proposed a semi-empirical model of properties and thermal distribution prediction through fibre reinforced concrete beam.
In addition, changing of the mechanical properties of the materials is considered as a consequence of temperature rising.
The materials mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.

All these factors affect the stability of building structures.
Therefore, computational methods for determining fire resistance are of great importance, in which one can try to take into account, if not all, then at least the most important factors affecting the result [3, 4, 5, 6, 7].
One of these important factors is the presence of cracks.
Accidental cracking in reinforced concrete structures can occur as a result of either mechanical or thermal impact (when the concrete temperature exceeds the critical temperature) or a combination of these factors.
[15] Anders Hösthagen, Thermal Crack Risk Estimation and Material Properties of Young Concrete Division of Structural and Fire Engineering.

The principle mechanism of stress assisted grain boundary oxygen (SAGBO) embrittlement can be applied to illustrate the effects of external stress on aggravating the damage caused by environmental factors.
Several researchers study the thermal mechanical fatigue properties of ferritic stainless steels [6-7].
Thermal fatigue properties.
The effects of external stress aggravate the damage caused by environmental factors [14].
The thermal fatigue behavior is obviously affected by the environmental factors.

Introduction Sintering is one of the significant links in preparation process of ceramic tool material, since it determines the microstructure and further the final mechanical property of ceramic tool material.
However, affecting mechanism of sintering process on the microstructure is still not clear, it is difficult to accurately control grain growth and microstructure of nanocomposite ceramic tool material through experiments.
However, these models do not take into account sintering parameters that affect grain growth.
Sintering pressure is an important parameter affecting grain growth of ceramic tool material, research indicates that there exists a direct relationship between grain growth and sintering pressure [5,6].
(8) The highest sintering pressure is given 32MPa according to the properties of nanocomposite ceramic powders and hot-pressing sintering experimental equipment.

Kurniawan2,c 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia 2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia awibonda@yahoo.co.id, bsafian@fkm.utm.my, cdenni@utm.my Keywords: Bone drilling, Hole accuracy, Surface roughness, Cutting parameters.
Experimental Bovine bone has similar properties to human bone [7], so bovine femur was used as a workpiece in this study.
Rotational speed, geometry, and material of drill are factors that can affect natural frequency of the drill during machining, eventually affecting the diameter and the accuracy of drilled holes [12-16].
It was also found that cutting speed (or at least the range of cutting speed evaluated) does not affect the surface integrity measures.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 60 (2012), p.853-863 [9] Chang Kuan Yu, Chang Hong Chang, Yu Pu Ping, Yen Ke Tien, and Huang Bo Wun, Natural Properties in a Micro Drill Cutting into Bones, Life Science Journal, Vol 6 (2009), p.28-33 [10] Ula¸s Çayda¸s, Ahmet Hasçalık, Ömer Buytoz, and Ahmet Meyveci, Performance Evaluation of Different Twist Drills in Dry Drilling of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 26 (2011), p.951–960 [11] N.

Physical factors are usually presented by the mechanic load and are solved by the appropriated design of reinforcement and mechanical parameters of used concrete.
In case of action of chemical factors it is necessary to strengthen primary defence of concrete determined by its composition and the internal character of porous system.
Presented evolution of mechanical properties is not common in case of application of a pozzolana.
Reference mixture and mixture with 30 % replacement reached quite similar results although mixture III had very satisfactory mechanical properties.
On the other side residual mechanical properties are better compared to the reference mixture.

This analysis is crucial for verifying compliance with H13 specifications and for identifying potential compositional shifts that may influence the material's mechanical and fatigue properties.
It is frequently documented in literature as a significant factor affecting fatigue performance, primarily due to stress concentration effects [14].
These factors together lead to a brittle fracture mode, characterized by restricted stable crack growth. [18].
Theisen, Additive manufacturing of a carbon-martensitic hot-work tool steel using a powder mixture – Microstructure, post-processing, mechanical properties, Mater.
Wei, Effect of heat treatment on microstructural evolution, mechanical properties and tribological properties of H13 steel prepared using selective laser melting, J.

Degradation, bioactivity and mechanical properties of BCP implant is controlled by variation HA/TCP ratio [12].
Physical and mechanical properties were studied, and samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM.
Tablet samples, with approximate dimensions of 25 mm diameter and 5 mm thickness were prepared for physical and mechanical properties.
Table 3: The results of physical and mechanical properties.
Rafiq, Mechanical properties of carrot fiber- epoxy composite, J.