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This phenomenon, internal erosion, can develop when the constituent particles of the structure are torn off and transported by the flow.
Few studies have focused on the role of physical chemistry, in particular ionic strength, in the process of retention of particles in suspension in a porous medium.
O’Melia, Effects of natural organic matter and solution chemistry on the deposition and reentrainment of colloids in porous media.
Wang, Influence of Internal Structure and medium length on transport and deposition of suspended particles: A laboratory study, Transport in Porous Media. 76 (2009) 289–307
Le Goff, Flow of suspension through porous media, Application to deep bed filtration, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 62 (1970) 8-35

Generally, there are two kinds of a L21 Heusler structure.
In order to find the most favorable crystal structure, we calculated a ground-state energy for each type of structure using the automatically generated uniform grid of k-points (6×6×6).
Since as it was followed from our calculations of the ground-state energies for Mn2NiZ, the inverse structure is more favorable and stable as compared to the regular structure (Cu2MnAl-type).
We can see that the cubic structure is found to be stable for Mn2NiIn and Mn2NiSb alloys.
Felser, Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 39 (2011) 1

Buried Nano - Structured Layers in High Temperature - Pressure Treated Si:He A.
The creation of buried nano-structured layers in Si:He annealed under HP is now investigated in more details (compare [5]).
The structure of Si gradually recovers at higher temperatures.
Conclusions Enhanced hydrostatic pressure during the processing of Si:He affects the microstructure of buried nano-structured layers.
Misiuk in Physics, Chemistry and Application of Nanostructures (World Scientific, New Jersey,..

Significance of low copper content on grain boundary nanostructure and intergranular corrosion of AlMgSi(Cu) model alloys Magnus Hurlen Larsen1, a , John Charles Walmsley2,b , Otto Lunder 2,c and Kemal Nisancioglu1,d 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway 2 SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway a magnul@material.ntnu.no, bjohn.walmsley@sintef.no, cotto.lunder@sintef.no, d kemaln@material.ntnu.no Keywords: Intergranular corrosion, AlMgSi-alloys, grain boundary structure, FE-TEM Abstract Intergranular corrosion (IGC) of model alloys in the 6000-series, with and without 0.2 wt% Cu, was studied using an accelerated corrosion test (BS ISO 11846 B), FE-SEM and FE-TEM.
The purpose of this work is to contribute to the understanding the relationship between small (0.2%) Cu content, heat treatment and IGC susceptibility by studying the effect of artificial ageing on grain boundary structure and IGC of a water quenched 6000-series model alloy.
In the naturally aged condition (T4), the material was severely etched at the surface, leaving a sponge-like structure.
The structure of this film remains unknown, but the present data rule out the presence of significant levels of Mg and Si in the film.

Vinokurov 2 1 Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia 2 Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia a zvereva@mig.phys.msu.ru, bzlomanov@inorg.chem.msu.ru Keywords: Diluted magnetic semiconductors, IV-VI semiconductors, electronic structure, deep impurity states, paramagnetism, electron paramagnetic resonance, g-factor.
In order to reveal new IV-VI DMS and investigate the correlation between the electronic structure and magnetic properties of these materials in the present work the temperature and magnetic field dependences of magnetization (T=5-300 K, B≤0.5 T) as well as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) (T=80-230 K, B≤0.5 T) in Pb1-xVxTe (x≤0.7 at.%) alloys were studied.
The crystal structure was investigated by X-ray diffraction using a Cu Kα source and scanning electron microscopy using LEO Supra 50 VP.
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties Crystallographic analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction using a Cu Kα source.
With the increase of temperature the hyperfine structure disappears, the amplitude of absorption intensity decreases rapidly.

A Facile Route to Prepare Hydrophilic Copper Nanoparticles and Their Thermal Conductivities Dan Li1,a 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, Shandong Province, China adanli830109@163.com Keywords: copper, hydrophilic, surface coating, thermal conductivity Abstract.
Fig. 5 schematically illustrates the surface structure of an oleic acid-coated copper nanoparticle.
Kontturi: Influence of ligand structure on the stability and oxidation of copper nanoparticles.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 110, 1(2008), pp. 21-25

Metco 204 – NS (YSZ Powder) is chosen as the top coat powder.AMDRY 964 is choosen as the bond coat powder.Boath this powders are kept in the heating chamber to remove the moisture before coating.The properties of the powder are given in Table 1 Table:1 Properties of Ceramic and Bond Coating Powder Type of powder Ceramic Top Coat Bond Coating Powder Technical Name Metco 204 – NS Amdry 964 Partical Size -125 + 11 µm -90 + 37 µm Process Atmosphere Plasma Spray (APS) and Vapour Plasma Spray(VPS) APS Chemistry Zro28Y2o3 Ni31 cr 11 1l0.6y Masking of Blades.
,the resulting microstructures are fine-grained and homogeneous.The results in a typical lamellar structure.The coating-substrate interface bond mechanism is purely mechanical.Plasma spray deposits typically have lamellar structure with fine-grained microstructure within the lamellae.
[2] Misbahul Amin.M., Oxidation Behaviour of IN-738 LC Super alloys in the presence of ionic salts at 1173 k, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, University College of Science & Technology Malaysia, Malaysia.

The ultra-structure of super-hydrophobic nano-silica was tested by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) (F20, FEI Corporation).
However, there are many smaller nano-silica particles covering the core surface in Fig. 2(b) which was illustrated in Fig. 2(c) that the irregularity structure of the super-hydrophobic nano-silica and the average particle size are range about 50 to 100nm, and there exists much long chains between the super-hydrophobic nano-silica particles which enhances the relationship between particles.
Hwang and T Okubo: Chemistry of Materials, 2001
Mallon: Pure & Applied Chemistry, 2009

A live cycle perspective Marcel Weil1,a, Anja Buchwald2,b and Katja Dombrowski-Daube3,c 1 Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis, Department of Technology-Induced Material Flow (ITAS-ZTS), Germany 2 Bauhaus-University Weimar, Chair of Building Chemistry, Germany 3 Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Institute for Ceramic, Glass, and Construction Materials, Germany a marcel.weil@kit.edu, b a.buchwald@ascem.nl, c katja.dombrowski@ikgb.tu-freiberg.de Keywords: Geopolymer, Alkali Activated Alumosilicatic Binder, Ceramic, Cement, Concrete, Life Cycle Assessment, Sustainability, Secondary Resources Abstract.
Poganietz: Managing emerging technologies – Sustainable design for geopolymers. 17th Conference of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Europe: Multiple stressors for the environment - present and future challenges and perspectives.
In Geopolymers – Structure, processing, properties and industrial applications.
Fuel, 89 (2010), pp 992-996 [9] Dombrowski, K., Buchwald, A., Weil, M.: The influence of calcium content on the structure and thermal performance of fly ash based geopolymers.

Normally, compounds containing the atoms of N, O and S with heterocyclic structure are good candidates for such corrosion inhibitors [4].
Above all it can be found that the inhibitor of QPEI has an excellent anticorrosion performance owing to its polymer structure and cation characteristic. 3.5 Corrosion inhibition mechanism It was reported that the inhibitor with nitrogen atoms has excellent anticorrosion properties [4].
Zheng: Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol. 77(2002), p.655 [7] Y.
Gao and R.X.Wang: Chinese Journal of Synthetic Chemistry Vol. 15(2007), p.275 Corresponding author.