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Introduction Nanocrystalline bulk metals and alloys are very promising materials.
The aim is to prepared compact nanocrystalline material but the precursor is prepared more in chemical than engineer route.
Due to applied high cooling speeds, these alloys are usually ultra-fine-grained, which means nanocrystalline.
Takeuchi, Recent progress in bulk glassy, nanoquasicrystalline and nanocrystalline alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A 375 – 377(2004) 16–30
Galano et al., Nanoquasicrystalline Al–Fe–Cr-based alloys with high strength at elevated temperature, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 495 (2010) 372–376

Smith: Shape memory alloys in seismic resistant design and retrofit: a critical review of their potential and limitations, Journal of earthquake engineering 8(3) (2004), 415-429
DesRoches: Seismic response control using shape memory alloys: a review, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 22(14),1531-1549 (2011)
Gargarella: Revisiting Cu-based shape memory alloys: Recent developments and new perspectives, Journal of Materials Research 37(1) (2022), 162-182
Xie: Cyclic stress-strain response of directionally solidified polycrystalline Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 714(2017), 154-159
Halle: Review of types, properties, and importance of ferrous based shape memory alloys, Korean Journal of Materials Research 28(7) (2018), 381-390

At high temperatures and oxidizing gas atmosphere the metals and alloys suffer due to accelerated oxidation.
Superalloys used for high temperature applications are unable to satisfy simultaneously the strength requirements, high temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance, hence protective coatings of super alloys are needed [3].
[6] Sheng Hong, Yuping Wu, Gaiye Li, Bo Wang, Wenwen Gao, Guobing Ying, Microstructural characteristics of high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) sprayed nickel-based alloy coating, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 581 (2013) 398–403
Prakash, Sanjay Kumar, Hot corrosion behavior of detonation gun sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coatings on Ni and Fe-based superalloys in Na2SO4-60% V2O5 environment at 9000C, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 463 (2008) 358 – 372
[14] Babu PD, Buvanashekaran G and Balasubramanian KR, Experimental investigation of laser transformation hardening of low alloy steel using response surface methodology, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 67 (2013) 1883–1897

Stir casting technique chosen for the present work aimed at an improvement of the reinforced aluminum matrix composite samples.
Fig.3 Digital M/C Fig.4 Samples to hardness test 3.4.2 Surface Integrity The specimen samples are polished by lapping compounds before testing the microstructure in the microscope.
International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4(5)
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 3(07), 343-346
Journal of engineering science and technology, 10(2), 134-144

Kui, Journal of Materials Research, USA, 13, 11 (1998) 6) D.
De Miranola, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 23,11 (1998). 7) J.
The choices of these materials was made basing on the knowledge about electrochemical properties of these components in processes of electrolytic hydrogen evolution or in cathodic reduction of organic compounds.
The surface of Ni-P alloys is characterised by the island structure and the presence of microcracks.
On the surface of composite layers no microcracks typical of Ni-P alloys are observed.

The establishment of a technique for mercury iodide (HgI2) purification and crystal growth is described, aiming this crystal future application as room temperature radiation semiconductor detectors.
Following the same procedure, the obtained crystals were re-grown by twice aiming to purify the crystals (second purification), since the reduction of impurities at each growth is expected.
Room-temperature compound semiconductor radiation detectors.
Journal of Crystal Growth 324(1), (2011) 149-153
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 400 (1,2) ( 2005) 249-251 [10] Linke, L; Song,Y.; Hou, H,; LIU, Z.; FAN,Y.; ZHU, Y.

Kim, "Low-temperature irradiation behavior of uranium–molybdenum alloy dispersion fuel,"Journal of Nuclear Materials, 304, pp. 221–236 (2002)
The phase gU is not thermodynamically stable under the fabrication and aimed irradiation conditions, however some alloys of uranium can remain in the g-phase in a metastable state indefinitely at room temperature, and for long periods of time at elevated temperature.
Of particular interest are the alloys U–Mo and U–Zr–Nb.
It was also observed a very thin band near the Al side as a ternary compound Al20UMo2.
In the present work, it is verified the necessity of annealing the raw material U-10Mo, just after casting, in order to prepare the diffusion pairs and also to identify the presence of possible compounds formed during heat treatment of U-10Mo with Al alloy containing 0.25%Si (Al 1050) heated during 5h at 550ºC, simulating so, the on-pile irradiation in intense neutronic bombarding conditions, as used in high performance research reactors.

The effect to the steel surface of these two compounds is similar.
These compounds acts on the metal surface catalytically.
Chloride ions may form together with metal cations insoluble compounds or are continuously returned to the process of anodic reactions.
In the layer of corrosion products occur both main stimulators of corrosion - sulfur compounds and chlorides.
[7] EN ISO 9223:2012 Corrosion of metals and alloys – Corrosivity of atmospheres – Classification, determination and estimation

There is a large spectrum of metallic materials used for this purpose: Al and its alloys [2, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16], stainless steel [4, 5, 17], titanium and its alloys [4, 18].
The first two technologies present a major disadvantage namely the potential mismatch between the solidus-liquidus thermal range for the Al alloys and the foaming reactions’ temperature that may lead to foams collapsing [1, 14].
For each one, special foaming agents are frequently used: - physical: aliphatic hydrocarbons and their chloro- and fluoro-derivates [19] and chemical blowing agents: carbonates [2, 5, 14, 17], nitrites [20], hydrides [2, 5], peroxides [21] and related compounds [22], NaCl [9, 11] and polystyrene [12] as space holder agents.
Chengal Reddy, Production of low cost aluminium foams, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, INPRESCO, ISSN 2277-4106, 2014, 40-44
[19] Timmermans, Physico-chemical constants of pure organic compounds, Elsevier, 1950 [20] D.

Boudart, Compounds of molybdenum and tungsten with high specific surface area: I.
Anderson, The activity of several molybdenum compounds for the methanation of CO2.
Journal of catalysis 67 (1981) 296-302
[9] Stoll, M., et al., Effects of flue gas composition on the catalytic destruction of chlorinated aromatic compounds with a V-oxide catalyst.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 430 (2007) 212-216.