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In fact, the theoretical basis of the defect detection methods discussed in this article is that bars local stiffness reduction appears because of the crack and thereby causes curvature mode shapes mutation.
Table1 Local equivalent elastic modulus of cracks with different depths Crack depth/mm 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 E/MPa 2.1e5 2.0e5 1.7e5 1.4e5 1.1e5 7.8e4 5.5e4 3.6e4 2.2e4 7.8e3 3.1e2 In order to achieve the quantitative relationship between different cracks depths and stiffness (elastic modulus), we need to carry on the data fitting to obtain their mathematical expressions.
The computational formula of is as following: (1) Where, , is respectively test or calculated data and fitted data of the ith node; is arithmetic average ofor.
Fig.5 Relationship between the crack with different depths and elastic modulus Carry on the linear, quadratic and biquadrate fitting to the data of table 1, we can obtain the relationship between the cracks with different depths and local elastic modulus on the premise that the crack width is 1 mm as shown in figure 5.
New techniques for order reduction and damage detection in structural and rotor dynamic systems [D].2010

Cell morphology was assessed by fluorescent staining with hypericin and viability test was performed by the MTT dye reduction assay.
Such data support infrared data and are arguments in the explanation of induction of bioactivity.
According to data of table 2 the following scale for corrosion rates was supposed: natural passive TiAlNb < chemical bioactive TiAlNb < electrochemical bioactive TiAlNb.
From the open circuit potential in time data (fig. 5) at very short time of immersion of electrode in artificial saliva (5000 min), the results present a better stability of electrochemical deposition samples in comparison with the untreated and chemical deposition samples.
The viability test performed by the MTT dye reduction assay Conclusion Bioactivation method is directly related to surface stability and to in vitro compatibility. 1.

Data were shown as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (M ± SD).
These data did not obey a normal distribution law (by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion).
Results and Discussion According to data of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with 99mTs-MIBI and metabolic scintigraphy with 123I- BMIPP, the average size of perfusion and metabolic defects in patients with DCM did not exceed 10%.
In the delayed scan, there was a significant reduction in the size of the metabolic defect and an increase in perfusion-metabolic mismatch.
Our data are consistent with the studies of the Japanese authors [12] who showed that the presence of negative perfusion-metabolic mismatch detected using positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose and SPECT with 201Tl, defines a positive response to CRT.

The power flow analysis of the distribution networks with penetration of non-linear loads can either be done using a power quality logging equipment to record the data of power quality phenomenon which is then used to accurately model the distribution network or the standard power quality load models are incorporated into the distribution network for simulation analysis [5].
The effectiveness of capacitor bank and harmonic filters for voltage profile improvement and harmonic distortion reduction were investigated in the study by [14] and [15] respectively.
Input Network data End Start Fig. 1.
Reinforcement with reactive power compensators and filters Conclusion and Recommendation Cost Analysis Load Flow analysis Harmonic Flow Analysis Power supply quality Analysis Distribution Network Modelling The IEEE 33-Bus distribution network was modelled with the data obtained from Sreevidya et al., (2019) and the mapping chart data of Benin Electricity Distribution Company (BEDC), Ado-Ekiti Business District was used to model Ajilosun 43-Bus Feeder network.
Power losses on the Distribution Network Feeders Power Losses Before Reinforcements After Reinforcements IEEE 33-Bus P- 385.67 kW, Q- 697.28 kVar P- 222.46 kW, Q- 648.33 kVar Ajilosun 43-Bus P- 707.24 kW, Q- 1,458.9 kVar P- 558.1 kW, Q- 1,227.95 kVar The results on Table 3 depicts a feeder capacity increase for the distribution networks due to the reduction in active power losses and an improvement in the power factor due to the reduction in reactive power losses.

The most important cause of UHI is directly related to the fact that urbanization induces an increase in impermeable surfaces that absorb heat and a reduction in natural vegetation.
In addition, they respond to other problematics, such as stormwater management, improvement of water quality, reduction of pollution, sound absorption and reduction of vehicle rolling noise (Nguyen, 2014).
For this study, the test specimens were placed outside during three hot days, from 23/06/2020 to 26/06/2020, while recording meteorological data.
Meteorological data (ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, radiation flux) were measured every half hour using a "Davis Vantage Pro 2" weather station.
The weather was clear and sunny with no clouds. 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Evolution of meteorological data over time Meteorological data were recorded every half hour of the experimental period for three days between June 23, 2020 at 9:00 am and June 26, 2020 at 9:00 am.

Omitted data, analysis, and related discussions can be found in [24].The elastic modulus has been evaluated adopting the ultrasonic time of flight technique, according to the following equation: Vl=E1-νρ1+ν1-2ν (1) being Vl the ultrasonic longitudinal speed, ρ the density and ν the Poisson ratio of the processed material.
The Poisson coefficient has been assumed, considering reference data, as 0.33.
The application of the conventional contour method is based on four consecutive steps: specimen cut, acquisition of the relaxed surface, data reduction, and stress computation.
Experimental data relative to both halves of the cut specimen (Fig. 1) have then been combined and processed in the MATLAB environment, in order to fit the experimental data to a smoothing surface.
The following data refer to four test cases, as indicated in Table 1.

Moreover, the use of biodiesel will lead to loss in engine power mainly due to the reduction in heating value of biodiesel compared to diesel.
The reduction of CO2 emissions for biodiesel was 22% lower than diesel at full load.
(c) EGR(Exhaust Gas Recirculation) EGR can inhibit the maximum combustion temperature and leads to higher reduction of NOx with lower increase of smoke [22].
In Chinese [2] Yunping Lin, Chunsheng Zhao and Li Peng: A new Method to Calculate Monthly CO Emissions Using MOPITT Satellite Data.
Subbarao: Effect of exhaust gas recirculation and ethyl hexyl nitrate additive on biodiesel fuelled diesel engine for the reduction of NOx emissions.

Powder metallurgy (PM) offers an effective cost reduction due to near-net shape production [1, 5].
Such treatment should guarantee the porosity reduction without imposing uncontrollable grain growth and layers’ delamination.
However, it increases the risk of uncontrollable grain growth in part due to porosity reduction and gives higher affinity for the alloy oxidation.
Porosity and Vickers hardness measurements data of individual layers in three-layered samples with TiB and TiC particles after the sintering and after subsequent hot pressing and annealing.
At such degree of total deformation of the layered plate the layer of Ti-64 alloy was enable of 20 % deformation and porosity reduction from 3.6 to 1-1.5%.

The interfaces and the extra scattering centers will make a significant reduction on the thermal conductivity.
The data shows the difference of thermal conductivity between the composites samples and matrix sample keep steady in the whole temperature.
With the content of the nano ZnO particles increase, the reduction of lattice thermal conductivity become more significantly.
Nano-ZnO particles can act as extra scattering centers, which will make contribution to the reduction of κl.
Gossard, Thermal conductivity reduction and thermoelectric figure of merit increase by embedding nanoparticles in crystalline semiconductors, Phys.

Introduction Nowadays, the search for materials that contribute to the reduction of CO2 emission, consequently producing less pollution and lowering ozone layer damages, has been increasing.
Therefore, an important strategy for the sustainability of this sector consists in the weight reduction of automotive and aerospace structures, which results in the reduction not only of pollutant emission, but also of expenses with energy [1].
The temperature reduction to homogenize the alloy also contributes to reduce Zn losses due to its elevated partial vapor pressure, which is associated with its lowest melting point (420°C) among the used raw materials.
Firstly, the heating curve shows that the liquidus temperature of the alloy is 620°C, evidencing that the addition of rare earths causes the reduction of the liquidus temperature of the ZK60 alloy, which is 635°C [2].
Mordlike, Magnesium Technology: Metallurgy, Design Data, Applications, (2006) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg