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The image reconstruction experimental resultants of grain distribution indicated that high quality images could be reconstructed by the sensor model.
Z H Guo and others[6] considered the condition number of sensitivity matrix, the uniformity of sensitive field distribution and capacitance changes, and made the optimal design of sensor array with 8 internal electrodes.
In addition, one of the potential applications of high voltage ECT system was to solve problems of the ECT system designed for large industrial equipments, such as the moisture distribution in grain barns.
The uniformity of sensitivity field and the condition number of sensitivity matrix.
Obviously, the condition number and the uniformity of sensitivity matrix should be smaller that indicated sensitivity field distributed more evenly and the morbidity degree of sensitivity matrix was lower.

The specific deformation mechanism in metals with a hexagonal close packed (hcp) crystal structure is less well understood than that in cubic metals which usually have a large number of independent slip systems.
In determining the grain size, the grain boundaries were defined as misorientations between neighboring measurements of 5° or greater.
In the initial materials, the average grain size is 45 µm.
Grain growth takes place and annealing twins appear in the coarse grains.
In (b), NT indicates grains without twins.

The main feature of primary recrystallization is the nucleation of new equiaxed grains of 6 µm in diameter.
An abnormal grain growth in bronze was observed on heating to 800 °С (Fig. 3d).
The grain size was coarsened to 117 µm.
Hence, the number of voids is higher in the top layer of bronze adjacent to the weld joint.
In this case the size of new grains originated at the most intensively deformed regions of materials is 6 µm.

The average dentritic grain size was approximately 2.3 mm in the case of specimens intended for application of diffusion coatings.
In the case of specimens destined for TBCs deposition, an improved casting procedure had been used which resulted in smaller grains with the average size of about 1 mm.
The microstructure of OL consists of an intermetallic β-NiAl matrix and a number of small complex Al-Ni and Al-Cr-Ni precipitates and carbides.
Results and Discussion The results of fatigue experiments are presented in Fig. 2 as a plot of the bending amplitude, σa, versus the total number of cycles to failure, Nf.
This behaviour is to be expected as a smaller grain size implicates more frequent retardation of microstructurally short cracks, which occurs when the crack tip reaches a grain boundary, and, therefore, a prolonged fatigue crack initiation stage is anticipated.

The chemistry of this outgassing and ageing chemistry has been of interest to AWE for a number of years, this paper detailing a number of our active areas [1, 2].
LiH LiH LiH LiOH 2LiH + H2O ð Li2O + 2H2 at low moisture levels Li2O Li2O + H2O ð 2LiOH reaction with further moisture Figure 1: Single grain model of LiH surface The consolidated bulk will be a lithium hydride matrix with a fine web of oxide and hydroxide between 'crystals' (see Fig 4).
LiOH + H2O → Li2O + H2O (2) 2LiH + H2O → Li2O + 2H2 (3) LiOH + LiH → Li2O + H2 (4) LiH H2 LiH H2 LiH H2 Figure 2: Conversion of hydroxide to oxide In reality as the size of the modelling unit increases a number of these individual single grain models will need to be considered as an assembly of grain, and as a further complication, at different extents of hydroxide/oxide ratios as shown in Fig 3.
R Figure 3 : Multi-sphere model This leads to the meso-scale model of a block of lithium hydride as shown in Fig 4 which contains many irregular grains at different depths with different surface 'scales'.

The results showed that fine and uniformed dispersion Cu-rich phase precipitated and accumulated along the grain boundaries of the matrix during the processing of aging, and a marked variation in tensile strength and yield strength was evaluated.
Since the atomic number of Cu (29) is larger than that of Fe (26) and Cr (24), the bright area in the back- scattering electron images represents the ε-Cu phase, whereas the dark region represents the ferritic matrix.
The increase of the fault energy due to the addition and precipitation of Cu reduces the width between the partial dislocation are more likely to combine To form a perfect dislocation, which can cross-slip to another slip plane to prevent the pile up of a large number of dislocations on the same slip plane.
Table 2 Properties of specimen before and after antibacterial treatment Specimen σb σs ψ cupping hardness condition MP MP % test HB Without ageing 450 605 23.5 9.75 160 With ageing 320 515 34.0 10.51 145 Fig. 1 BEI image of grain distribution Fig. 2 TEM image of precipitation phase Fig. 3 EDS spectra of the precipitation ε-Cu phase The coliform and Staphylococcus is used as the testing bacteria in this test.
The number of the live bacteria and the antibacterial rate were measured by the plain-plate dilute method.

Such a deformation mechanism was first suggested for heavily-drawn polycrystalline Nb, in which it was found that every grain constrained by neighboring grains acquired the ribbon-like shape and was curled about the wire axis [22].
As demonstrated by a number of dark-field images, the Nb filaments differ considerably in width (which is also obvious in the transverse sections).
However, a number of publications report that only one axis of fiber texture is characteristic of the Cu matrix of in situ composites, namely, <111>Cu [28].
The third stage corresponds to the growth of the recrystallized grains.
The Nb filaments still have mainly the ribbon-like shape and are curved around Cu grains (Fig. 11a).

Furthermore, a number of authors pointed out that VN particles are among the most potent for intragranular nucleation of acicular ferrite, which could effectively improve toughness of high-strength steels, e.g. [1].
The low-N steel reheated to 950−1150°C is characterized by bainitic sheaves nucleated at grain boundaries (Figure 2a) and by the absence of primary grain boundary ferrite.
It could be assumed that vanadium segregated toward austenite grain boundaries increasing its surface energy and suppressing formation of grain boundary ferrite that renders grain boundaries inert for bainite nucleation.
It can be assumed that at high reheating temperatures due to the thermal dispersion vanadium is more evenly distributed throughout austenite grain interior [8], so it's concentration at grain boundaries is diluted and therefore an inhibiting effect on grain boundary ferrite nucleation is precluded.
In the low-N steel all of the vanadium is available to segregate to grain boundaries (TVN = 933°C) and reduce its potential for grain boundary ferrite nucleation, promoting bainite formation (Figure 2a).

Progressive refinement of the grains according to the time of milling can be noted.
Thus, in the final stage 5-7 at % of Mg is dissolved within the grains [10].
The rest of Mg atoms are localized in the grain boundaries and partially on the surface of the particles.
The rest of Mg atoms are localized in the grain boundaries and partially on the surface of the particles [9].
Phys., 107, Issue 9, 1 May (2010) Article number 093505. 1-6 [12] High Score Plus Software, PANalytical (2004)

%Ni alloy ingot with an average recrystallized grain size of 12 μm (calculated including annealing twins) was used in the present study, which was melted from Cu and Ni metals with both high purity of 99.95 %.
It indicates that the cube texture strengthens as the annealing temperature increasing during cube grain growth at high annealing temperature.
The average grain sizes increase from ~ 14 μm after annealed at 700°C to ~ 34 μm after annealed at 1000°C.
Since growing grains of similar cube orientations form a large number of low misorientation boundaries, the process of grain growth in the presence of a strong recrystallization texture can effectively reduce the fraction of HABs in the final microstructure [1-9].
Fig. 2 Accumulated fractions of cube texture (a) and grain boundaries (b) effected by annealing temperature The in-plane and out-of-plane textures of the Cu-33at.