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Non-Destructive Microcrack Detection in Inconel 718 Using Electromechanical Impedance of Bonded PZT Sensors: A Numerical Sensitivity Study

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Abstract:

Electromechanical impedance (EMI) sensing with bonded piezoelectric patches is a compact option for structural health monitoring at high frequencies. This study evaluates the detectability of submillimeter microcracks in an Inconel 718 plate using a surface-bonded lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer through a finite element-based harmonic analysis. A two-dimensional coupled-field model represents a 20 × 20 × 5 mm³ plate and a PIC255 patch with an in-plane size of 10 × 10 × 0.5 mm³. The model performs a 10–100 kHz voltage sweep at 0.5 V to compute electrical resistance. Damage is introduced as circular notch-like defects with diameters of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mm at nine locations that vary the sensor-to-defect distance. A mesh convergence study ensures numerical stability. Damage sensitivity is quantified using Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of impedance signatures relative to the healthy baseline. Results show that frequency bands around local resonances provide the strongest separation between healthy and damaged states, with the most discriminative band observed near 54–57 kHz. RMSD increases monotonically with defect diameter and decreases with distance from the sensor, demonstrating an anisotropic positional sensitivity that is stronger along the patch axis.

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Periodical:

Advanced Engineering Forum (Volume 58)

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1-10

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2ZIFrV

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Online since:

February 2026

Authors:

Gökhan Haydarlar, Mehmet Alper Sofuoğlu*, Mesut Tekkalmaz

Keywords:

Electromechanical Impedance, Finite Element Analysis, Inconel 718, Microcrack, PZT, RMSD, Structural Health Monitoring

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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