Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 217-219

Abstract: The quantitative effects of oxygen supply in terms of shaking speed and medium volume on the production of mycelia and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) using Ganoderma tsugae in submerged fermentation were investigated. Mycelia growth required the proper shaking speed at 134 rpm for breaking a larger pellet into several smaller pellets. Furthermore, high level of medium volume for consumption of abundant nutrient is needed for maximum mycelia growth. For EPS, a high agitation is needed to promote a good mass transfer for achieving high product concentrations recovery. The appropriate medium volume was found to be 150.4 mL for aiding to produce a secondary metabolite by promoting the mass transfer of substrates. The dry cell mass (DCM)-EPS diagram of G. tsugae was created from the both production equations which this diagram is an useful tool for submerge fermentation industry for decision about to control the both productions.

Abstract: Metabolomics is a good means for analyze Traditional Chinese Medicine efficacy. The paper purpose a methods to deal with the Metabolomics data, and analyze the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine based on OSC-OPLS/O2PLS-DA. The method was proved to be feasible and effective after tested the data which hot natures treat the cold syndrome.

Abstract: This work describes dissolution and related mechanical weakening of phase-pure and dense hydroxyapatite (HA) in distilled water of pH 7.4. Phase-pure HA powder has been synthesized by a wet precipitation method. After uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing, and sintering at 1200°C, dense HA with 98% above of the theoretical density has been obtained. The results show that HA powder has stoichiometric composition with a Ca/P ratio 1.67 ± 0.02. Even after extended exposure for 10 h, no second phases, such as tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and calcium oxide can be observed. Although the HA is supposed to be stable in liquid environment, surface dissolution appears specifically at material’s grain boundaries after immersion for 7 days. Following further immersion to 14 days, grain boundary dissolution progresses interior to the bulk following these paths. This dissolving behavior generates HA particles, disintegrates dense microstructure and at least forms micron-scale cavity. Mechanical property of the HA has been also affected. Fracture toughness (KIc) of the HA sintered body is approximately 1.0 MPa•m1/2. It drastically decreases to almost half of the initial value due to the severe surface dissolution

Abstract: The paper starts with the fiber strength which is one of the most important factors that could influence the fiber spinnability. By discussing the relationship between fiber strength and its four chemical compositions and analyzing the relevance between them with the method of grey correlation, this research come to a conclusion that the content of cellulose influence most on the fiber strength, and the second is lignin. Then set up four grey models between the fiber strength and pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, and carry on error analysis at last. This paper makes a contribution to provide the theoretical basis to the research and development of the hemp fiber.

Abstract: A legume straw-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C₄mim]Cl)-water solution (dissolved lignocelluloses content: 1.5 wt%) was firstly prepared at 150 °C for 2 h. Lignocellulosic microparticles formation was investigated by adding the reconstitution agent (water, ethanol or acetone) at different reconstitution agent/solution ratio (0.1~0.3 ml/ml). The results indicate that lignocellulosic microparticles (< 17 µm) can be produced in this reconstitution process. The size distribution of obtained microparticles shows normal distribution. The average size of particles increases with an increase of reconstitution agent/solution ratio. The addition of ethanol or acetone promotes the particles aggregation and results in larger particles formation than that of water.

Abstract: In order to optimize the Phellinus Linteus fermentation medium, the wheat flour content, the rice bran content, the KH2PO4 content and the MgSO4 content have been regarded as the independent variables and the fermentation yield has been considered as the dependent variable. The quadratic regression orthogonal rotating combination design method has been adopted to build the model for Phellinus Linteus fermentation medium formula. And this model has been also analyzed in this paper. The results have shown that the most important factors which affect the fermentation yield include the content of rice bran, the flour content, the KH2PO4 content and the MgSO4 content. There exists the significant interaction between the content of rice bran and the MgSO4 content, promote each other’s using. The optimal fermentation medium formula of Phellinus Linteus are: the wheat flour content of 5.16%, the rice bran content of 1.38%, the KH2PO4 content of 0.094%, the MgSO4 content of 0.054% The experimental results have shown that the model fits well with the actual situation and the credibility is higher.

Abstract: P. cocos, B. ochracea, P. lactiflora, A. dahurica were procured and identified and seperately extracted using water (ethanol, methanol) in the ultrasonic cleaner. TPC, DPPH scavenging ability and reducing power (RP) were determined. The results from this study showed that P. lactiflora had the highest content as 18.62 mg GAE/g dw in ethanol, whereas P. cocos contained only 0.37 mg GAE/g dw in water and P. lactiflora exhibits the highest capacity (68.97%) to reduce DPPH in methanol extract with lowest IC50 value of 1.12 mg dw /ml and 1.14 mg dw /ml in ethanol extract at a concentration of 1.6 mg dw/ml. In RP assay, P. lactiflora had highest FRAP values (37.65 mg AAE/g dw in methanol extract), and P. cocos with least activity 3.25 mg AAE/g dw. The RP value has a apparently positive correlation with TPC and DPPH scavenging activity. TPC is remarkably related to its overall antioxidant ability. P. lactiflora could be selected as an excellent antioxidant for functional foods as well as pharmaceutics.

Abstract: In this study, a new preparation method for nanometer ceramic particles reinforced metal-matrix graded coating by laser multi-layer cladding technology was introduced. The preparation process including following steps: Firstly, a groups of mixture ratio of micro/nanometer covered composite powders are fabricated using a different content of nanometer ceramic particles and micrometer metal-matrix powders by mechanical ball milling; Secondly, the composite powders are suppressed to laser cladding layer by squash presetting; Last, the layers with an increased content of nanometer ceramic particles are laser clad in turn, then a metal-matrix graded coating strengthened by nanometer ceramic particles is prepared. Furthermore, an experiment for fabricating nano-Al2O3 particles reinforced MCrAlY graded coating by laser multi-layer cladding process was carried out. The results show that the laser-clad graded coating has no obvious interface between the different layers with dense and continuous structure. In addition, the microstructure of the laser layer was refined and composed of fine equiaxed grains because of addition of nanometer ceramic particles.

Abstract: Si doped CVD diamond films are prepared on Si substrate by means of hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) through adding tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) into acetone as source of reactant gas during the growth process. The samples of diamond films are investigated by scanning electron micrograph (SEM), Raman spectrum, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and surface profiler. The experimental results show that compared with pure diamond film, Si doped CVD diamond film exhibits grain refinement and smoother surface. Then selective area deposition (SAD) of B-doped diamond films are achieved on both Si doped CVD diamond film and pure CVD diamond film with silicon dioxide layer as sacrificial layer. SEM investigation demonstrates that the boundary of patterning on pure diamond film is rather fuzzy while on pure diamond film it is trim and distinct, which is mainly attributed to the relatively low surface roughness.

Abstract: The antibacterial PVA film was produced by addition of the clove oil/β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) inclusion complex into PVA directly with solvent salivating. The formation of clove oil /β-CD inclusion complex was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR).The influence of different additive amount of inclusion complex on the mechanical properties, transparency, and moisture permeable performance of the film had been studied. The elongation at break of films decreased in a low degree when the adding was less than 20%; The transmittance of films declined apparently when the inclusion complex adding was above 15%, and the visuality of the films didn’t change when the adding was over 25%. The inclusion complex adding had effect on the moisture permeability of films, and moisture permeability of films increased sharply when the adding was more than 15%.