Biomechanics and Numerical Evaluation of Cervical Porcine Models Considering Compressive Loads Using 2-D Classic Computer Tomography CT, 3-D Scanner and 3 -D Computed Tomography

Abstract:

In this paper the biomechanical behavior and numerical evaluation results of three C3-C5 porcine cervical models created with different modeling techniques are shown. The objective of this evaluation is to know the differences between the biomechanical effects on a bone graft, which replaces a damaged C4 vertebral body, a titanium alloy (Ti-6A1-4V) cervical plate, used to isolate the C4 damaged vertebra, and the influence on the compressive loads on the complete and instrumented C3-C5 cervical model. The biomechanical integrity of the healthy C3 and C5 vertebral body after the fixation of the cervical plate using titanium alloy screws is considered. Besides, 2-D Computer Tomography classic technique, 3-D Scanner Z-Corp 700 and a CT scanning Philips Brilliance system was used to create the three FEM models. In addition, 3-D Software as Pro-E Wildfire 4.0, ScanIP 3.1, UGS NX-4 and Geomagics R 10.0 was used to create specific numerical model. Main displacements and von Misses stresses between the upper and lower surfaces of the vertebral bodies and the bone graft and the influence of the titanium alloy (Ti-6A1-4V) screws on the vertebral body of C3 and C5 were evaluated. The contribution of this study is to optimize the actual surgical technique once the numerical results on the FEM model have been analyzed. In other words, the numerical disparity between classic CT techniques versus 3-D modern techniques is established.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 24-25)
• Pages: 287-295
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.24-25.287
• Online since: June 2010
• Authors: Juan Alfonso Beltrán-Fernández, Luis Héctor Hernández-Gómez, G. Urriolagoitia-Calderón, A. González-Rebatú, G. Urriolagoitia-Sosa
• Keywords: 3D Scanning, Biomechanics, Cervical, Compressive Load, Porcine Vertebrae

References

[1] J.A. Beltrán-Fernández & et. Al, Modelling of a Cervical Plate and Human Cervical Section C3 - C5 under Compression Loading Conditions Using the Finite Element Method, Transtech publications "Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vols. 13-14-2008 p. pp.49-56.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.13-14.49

[2] Huiskes R, Chao EYS. A survey of finite element analysis in orthopaedic biomechanics: the first decade. Journal of Biomechanics 16: 385-409, (1983).

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(83)90072-6

[3] Prendergast PJ. Finite element models in tissue mechanics and orthopaedic implant design. Clinical Biomechanics 12: 343-366, (1997).

DOI: 10.1016/s0268-0033(97)00018-1

[4] Holzpafel GA, Ogden RW, Eds. Mechanics of Biological Tissues. Springer, Berlin, (2006).

[5] Lally C, Kelly DJ, Prendergast PJ. Stents, In Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, (Ed.: M. Akay), John Wiley & Sons, Vol. 5, pp.3345-3355, (2007).

DOI: 10.1002/9780471740360.ebs1142

[6] Van der Meulen MCH, Huiskes R. Why mechanobiology?, A survey article. Journal of Biomechanics 35: 401-414, (2002).

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00184-1

[7] Panjabi M M; Pelker R R; Friedlaender G E; Markham T C; Moen C J Effects of freezing and freeze-drying on the biomechanical properties of rat bone. Journal of orthopaedic research: official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 1984; 1(4): 405-11.

DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100010409

[8] Beltrán-Fernández JA & et. al., Mechanical Behavior of a Calcium Phosphate Ceramic Bone Graft used in the Rehabilitation of a C4 Human Vertebra", published by Transtech in "Applied Mechanics and Materials,. 5th BSSM International Conference on Advances in Experimental Mechanics, University of Manchester, UK, 4-6 September (2007).

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.7-8.101

[9] J. A. Beltrán Fernández, L. H. Hernández Gómez, G. Urriolagoitia Calderón, M. Dufoo Olvera and A. González Rebatú, Distribución de esfuerzos por la acción de cargas de compresión en la vértebra cervical C5, empleando el Método del Elemento Finito, Científica, Vol. 9, núm. 3, Julio-Septiembre del 2005, ISSN 1665-0654, 135-142.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.13-14.49

[10] R. Rodríguez-Cañizo, L. Hernández-Gómez, J. Beltrán-Fernández, G. Urriolagoitia-Calderón, M. Dufoo-Olvera, Análisis biomecánico de un disco intervertebral porcino lesionado - estudio experimental, 8º CONGRESO IBEROAMERICANO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA, (Cusco, Perú), 23 al 25 de Octubre, (2007).

DOI: 10.5944/bicim2022.020

[11] Zcorp, Self-Positioning Handheld 3D Scanner, Method Sheet: Scanning Multi-colored or Multi-shaded Part, Document: MS020016 (2007).

[12] J. A Beltrán-Fernández, Análisis numérico de las cervicales C3 - C7 asociado al problema del latigazo cervical, Tesis de Doctorado, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, ESIME Zacatenco, México. (2007).

[13] Ortosintese (2006), Catálogo de productos 2006, Rua Friedrich Von Voith, 896 - Jaragua, Brasil.

[14] Ruíz-Muñoz, E. R, Beltrán-Fernández, J. A & Et al, Técnicas de modelado en 3D aplicado a casos de vértebras porcinas por medio de un escáner 3D y tomografías., XXV Congreso Nacional De Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, (2009).

DOI: 10.30918/mri.64.18.022

[15] Allen, B., Ferguson, R., Et. al. (1982), A mechanistic classification of closed, indirect fractures and dislocations of the lower cervical spine, J. of Spine, vol. 7, p. pp.1-27.

DOI: 10.1097/00007632-198201000-00001

[16] J.A. Beltran-Fernández, L.H. Hernández-Gómez, G. Urriolagoitia-Sosa, A. González-Rebatú, G. Urriolagoitia-Calderón, (2009).

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.478.103

[17] Ruíz-Muñoz, ER1, Beltrán-Fernández, JA, Rodríguez-Cañizo, RG, Hernández-Gómez LH, González-Rebatú A, (2009).

[18] Bland JH. Disorders of the cervical spine, diagnosis and medical management. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; (1994).

[19] Information on http: /www. shutterstock. com/pic-31223248-x-ray-image-of-cervical- vertebra. html.