Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 260-261

Abstract: In order to develop a highly efficient drying technique for shrimp, a combination of air drying (AD) and vacuum freeze drying (FD) is examined. The drying rate of combination drying, the shrinkage, rehydration ratio, and sensory properties, such as the color and trimness, of the dried product in the AD–FD method are measured. Compared with FD, the combined process consumes less drying time, compared with AD drying alone. Also the product processed by combined drying displays lower shrinkage, higher rehydration rate and better sensory qualities.

Abstract: Ten of the top 20 polluted cities are in China, while Lanzhou is the most famous one in the ten. Relevant foreign researches show that urban air pollution generated economic losses reached the city of 3% of national income. In this paper, air pollutants, air pollution index (API for short) and meteorological data of 2000-2008 are analyzed using statistical methods and results show that: (1) Air pollution index (API) in Lanzhou shows an obvious seasonal change with high value in winter and low in summer.(2) Its primary air pollutants are particulate pollutants, in total 3113 days during 2000-2008, only 96days of air quality are good and taking 3.08%; there are severe polluted 168 days, moderate polluted 114 days and light polluted 1106 days.(3) Primary pollution particles of 2928 days are inhalable particles, accounting for 94.06%. Second pollution is SO2 and taking 2.97%. (4) Seasonal distribution of pollution, severe pollution and moderate pollution occurs mostly in winter and spring quarters. Seasonal variation shows the number of severe polluted days in the four months of Jan, March, April, and Dec account for 78.6% of total severe polluted days during 2000-2008. The most severe polluted and second polluted days mainly occurred in winter and spring, closely related with winter house heating and spring dust storm. The number of excellent air quality days is more in the rainy days, indicating that deposition of pollutants or the dilution effect precipitation is apparent. (5) There are close relationship between API and meteorological factor such as precipitation, humidity and wind speed.

Abstract: The nanogold catalysis effect on the reaction between HAuCl4 and Vitamin C (VC) was studied by resonance Rayleigh scattering (RS) spectroscopy at 540 nm, and a simple, rapid RS spectral method was established to determine VC. Under the chosen conditions, the increased intensity at 540 nm was linear to the VC concentration in the range of 7×10^-6-2.8×10^-4mol/L, with a regression equation of ΔI540 = 2.98 CVC + 13.4, a correlation coefficient of 0.9909 and a detection limit of 2×10^-6 mol/L VC. The proposed method was applied to detect VC content in VC tablets and beverage samples, with simplicity, rapidity and accuracy.

Abstract: Using double-network, double-machine technology, the hardware framework of the energy management system is designed. The software framework scheme is proposed according to different layers. By designing graph, report, alarm, database management, man-machine interface and privilege subsystems on supporting platform, various services are presented. The proposed energy management system integrated many automation systems, such as Distribution Automation system, Advanced Metering Infrastructure and so on. The senior application functions of the energy management system are introduced. Adopting smart grid technology, the proposed scheme provides a new solution to better manage, use, save and monitor energy especially renewable energy. Because of its obvious advantages in enhancing energy efficiency, the introduced energy management system is expected to be widely used in low-carbon community.

Abstract: Mining industry in Dalnegorsk District has been developing for more than a hundred of years. This produced a mining technogenic system with the pronounced negative action on the ecosphere. As a result, the surface and ground waters are polluted with toxic elements Zn, Pb, As, B, Fe, and others. Their content in most of hydrochemical samples is significantly higher than the background parameters and limitedly permissible concentrations. The study district is characterized by the crisis ecological situation. The measures on the recultivation of the old tailing dumps of CRP, KRP, and OJSC «Bor» should be executed in the nearest future.

Abstract: Low carbon road maintenance( hereinafter referred to as LCRM) technology is an important and essential part of the overall low carbon transportation policy in China. The large amount of carbon emission resulting from road maintenance needs to be determined with definitive methods and data to form a basis of measurement of the carbon emission of the road maintenance process. Various road surface maintenance technologies have different environmental impacts and dissimilar levels of carbon emission. When comparing the merits and drawbacks of the various maintenance technologies, not only factors such as the maintenance outcome, road surface quality, serviceable lifespan, costs and the impact on traffic and environment should be evaluated, but also other factors, such as carbon emission of the material used for the maintenance process, carbon emission of the machinery deployed and other amounts released during construction, have to be assessed and measured. This paper will allow for a comprehensive analysis that will help to choose the right road surface maintenance technology that produces the best road surface quality, the optimal economic benefit and the most favourable social and environmental outcome. LCRM protocol should be regulated and promoted by government legislation and through which adoption of the best practices would be encouraged.

Abstract: Riparian wetlands is a very important buffer and transition zone between terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems in the lake basin system. Its edge effects played a crucial ecological role in energy flow and material cycling. Riparian wetlands have been widely used as the treatment of wastewaters, pollution control and environmental enhancement have been gainning increasing interest and application. In this paper, a typical riparian wetland was selected as case study for retention and removal efficiency on non-point source pollutants. The experimental results showed that there was certain removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus. But slight effectiveness improvements took place after wetlands have been operated for a few years. So their restoration should be implemented also with the objectives of increasing the purification efficiency of pollutants. Results in this study were helpful in providing the basis for theoretical basis of designing cost-effective lakeside buffer zone and in revealing the removal mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus in reparian wetlands.

Abstract: This paper reviews a long-term crude oil markets and trend of dynamic prices during 1986-2011. Based on the hypothesis that crude oil prices dynamics reflect the activity of a competitive market, a jump diffusion model is investigated to examine the empirical performance in a time series. Historical data analysis shows that crude oil prices were characterized by high volatility, high intensity jumps, and strong upward drift, and were concomitant with underlying fundamentals of crude oil markets and world economy. Furthermore, the model forecast that crude oil prices will still have an increasing trend, stay in jump for the next couple of years.

Abstract: By the example of the southern Russian Far East territory, it was stated that a sign of the linear trend of the long-term air temperature variations in the warm and cold periods of the year depended essentially on the soil thermal conductivity. It was shown that the mechanism of the soil temperature fields’ formation was controlled by the Fourier heat condition equation. In this case, the modern anthropogenic loads on the soil cover can only slightly enhance or weaken the natural mechanism of forming the temperature fields of soil and air.

Abstract: Electrocoagulation(EC) process is an effective method for the removal caramel from wastewater. In this study, the removal of caramel pigment from sauce wastewater has been studied by EC treatment with aluminum electrodes. The effects of electrolysis time and the initial pH of the sauce wastewater on the removal efficiency of caramel pigment have been investigated. The results indicated that the initial pH of sauce wastewater has a significant effect on the removal efficiency. When the initial pH was kept in the range of 4-8, all aluminum cations produced at the anode formed the insoluble coagulants, leading to a more effective treatment. Flocs formed by the EC process were analyzed by FTIR and the results have been explained.