Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 260-261

Abstract: The objective of this study was to quantify PAHs exposure level for different resident groups and to estimate the incremental lifetime cancer risk for people in the Pearl River Delta. A multimedia/multipathway exposure model recommended by USEPA was employed in this study. Results indicated that the average cancer risk of exposure to PAH16 was 2.63×10-5 a-1 and the loss of life expectancy was 163.48 minutes. Considering the large amounts of PAHs emitted into the ambient environment in China and the loss of life expectancy, it is extremely important to take a preliminary health risk assessment of citizens exposed to PAHs in the Pearl River Delta.

Abstract: In order to make sure the application direction of vanadium extraction tailings, basic characteristics, slagging mechanism of vanadium extraction tailings as well as thermal decomposition temperature and absorbed heat of CaSO₄ in vanadium extraction tailings are analyzed, in addition, the effect of charging vanadium extraction tailings under supersaturation state on the sulfur content in steel is studied by using induction furnace under low sulfur condition. The results of research and application indicate that vanadium extraction tailings after desulfuration treatment can be used to steelmaking-slagging, and the application effect is obviously.

Abstract: The Kyoto mechanisms are important cost-effective ways of CO2 reduction for Annex I countries in the Kyoto Protocol. This paper makes a comparison among international emission trading (IET), joint implementation (JI) and clean development mechanism (CDM) on development potentials and economic efficiencies; builds a state-space decision model for the government to encourage enterprises to invest more in project-based mitigation; then presents the pareto optimality conditions. Some conclusions and suggestions for the introduction to China of Kyoto mechanisms are provided finally.

Abstract: With the industrial development, the problems of oil & gas resource consumption, environmental pollution and demand increase have become rising. Environmental pollution which leads to global warming and climate change comes from the contamination of water, air and soil from man-made waste. The advancement in science and technology for environmental protection will play a key role to ensure the improvement of environmental quality, and will contribute to the development of a healthy society. The programs of environmental research have been implemented, including promoting cleaner production of oil & gas resources, accelerating the process of oil & gas recovery, establishing the guarantee mechanism of the oil & gas field environment recovery, developing clean energy vehicles, improving the production quality and discharge standard of motor gasoline and vigorously developing clean energy. In addition, producing approaches and mechanism of the pollution are presented in the paper.

Abstract: Upwelling is common phenomenon in the continental shelf sea area. Upwelling can bring the deep nutrient-rich water to the surface ocean,at the same time, upwelling areas tend to have higher deposition rate and easier to form the muddy area.Studies have shown that fine suspended particular plays an important role in the control of the distribution of heavy metals in the sediments. The results in the Pingtan Island upwelling area show that Cr element content is relatively exceeding seriously,Zn content exceeded in certain regions, other elements has slightly overweight in some stations compare to the Sediment environmental quality standards and the average value in the offshore of Fujian coast, with a magnifying glass effect.However,this area is a famous fishing ground, which means the enrichment of heavy metal may be through to aquatic organisms of animals and plants enrichment, likely through the food chain will ultimately affect the human life.

Abstract: Through to analysis the influence of the effluent from the sewage treatment plant to the river water quality of Fangshen-Habaqi stream segment in lower reaches comprehensively, in order to achieve water pollution control and water function zone protection. This paper use QUAL2K model to simulate the influence to lower reaches water quality, and the simulation factor is BOD. The result showed that the downstream BOD concentration cannot reach the water quality standards Ⅲ. This paper provides some corresponding control measures, so as to provide the scientific basis of the water pollution control planning research.

Abstract: Based on the force balance between the driving force and drag force acting on the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the aeration chamber, a one-dimensional mathematic model of water velocity for the aeration chamber was developed and solved with METLAB. Sensitivity analysis of the model parameters showed that the prediction results were greatly dependant on the flow resistance coefficient at the top (KT) and the coefficient due to local disturbances at the entrance and exit (KE). Using optimized parameters, under air flow rates higher than 0.055m³/s, prediction errors of gas holdup and water velocity can both be further decreased within ± 9%. Developed model of water velocity can be used to design and optimize the aeration chamber in the water-circulating aerator.

Abstract: “5.12 Wenchuan earthquake”triggered floods, landslide, collapse and secondary geological disaster, trigger a new soil and water loss, having the significant influence to the local river water quality.This article through the statistical analysis of minjiang river and jiangyou wenchuan, beichuan station 2006 ~ 2011 water conditions material, discussing the before and after the earthquake disaster areas of river water quality change characteristics. The results showed that the affected areas of ammonia nitrogen content after the earthquake are more than before the earthquake content .The fluoride content before earthquake overtop that after earthquake in Wenchuan water source .The total hardness of water quality presents upward trend in disaster area after earthquake, and the total hardness of water quality in 2010 and 2011 is greater then that before earthquake. The total iron content is not affected by the earthquake, before and after the earthquake did not appear obvious difference.

Abstract: Aiming at guaranteeing the security of Zhong Ba village, reducing investment capital and preventing geological disasters, it is necessary to design debris flow alarming system in Diao Zhongba. Being a basic platform, geographic information system software MAPGIS is fully taken advantage for managing engineering geology information in Diao Zhongba. Then research on secondary development library based on MAPGIS is conducted for achieving debris flow alarming function. Detailed design of debris flow alarming system in Diao Zhongba district is made on systematic requirement analyses, systematic overall design, system environment selection, data base detailed design and module design on alarming function. The system designs 10 kinds of models in all which includes flood peak flow computation model of dam breaking and flood peak evolution process model of dam burst. The system can conduct an automate information process on debris flow with which serves as the references for debris flow alarming in Diao Zhongba district.

Abstract: An oil field wastewater-degrading strain was isolated from the waste activated sludge of an oil field wastewater treatment plant. The degrading capabilities for oil field wastewater, culture conditions in a liquid enrichment medium, and metabolic characteristics for carbon sources in a Biolog-ECO microplate of this strain were investigated. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the strain were very similar to each other (>99% similarity) and exhibited a similarity of 98% with other Chelatococcus sp. The COD removal efficiency of the oil field wastewater-degrading strain is 64.3%, based on a batch experiment after strain inoculation for 60 h. Chelatococcus G5 is a mesophilic and NaCl-tolerant strain that can be grown well at pH 7.0, 37 °C, and under shaking conditions. Its NaCl tolerance is up to 5.0%. Based on the metabolic characteristic analysis, up to 54.8% of the carbon sources in the Biolog-ECO microplate could be utilized and only 29.03% of these sources could be easily degraded by Chelatococcus G5.