Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 260-261

Abstract: This paper presents a control study of the real Shiraz 250KW solar power plant together with a modeling and a monitoring interface. Here, a PID controller is developed to control the outlet oil temperature of the collector field of the solar power plant as a standard tool for industrial automation. First the power plant is modeled within MATLAB environment and the model is verified with the real data of the power plant. Then an HMI environment is developed within the LabVIEWsoftwarewhile incorporating the model developed in MATLAB. The simulation results showed that a fixed-coefficient PID failed to provide the desired results over a year and the best coefficients for each month were calculated. The friendly and accurate developed environment within MATLAB and LabVIEW provide a valuable tool for modeling and control studies and monitoring of the real power plant.

Abstract: People used to evaluate the energy consumption of the refineries in the quantity respect. There is a need to add quality indicators in the evaluation indicators. The energy consumption indicators about the energy quality are discussed in this paper. And the indicators were used in evaluating the performance of a realistic energy-saving-project. The result shows that choosing appropriate energy with the right quality can save energy resources.

Abstract: As a new building material, gluebam has aesthetic feeling and very good mechanical property. Gluebam provides possibilities of various designs for designers. Based on finished building examples, this article introduces gluebam’s applications as construction material, enclosure material and decoration matrial.Hoping through the introduction to expand professionals’ knowledge of gluebam’ performance and the understanding of gluebam, and promote more professionals especially designers into the research of gluebam building and material and facilitate the development of gluebam. This will further expand the application scope of the bamboo materials in the buildings, and to response the voice of the bamboo replacing wood in China.

Abstract: Miscanthus sacchariflorus is an important perennial bioenergy feedstock, but no information is available regarding plant rapid propagation from in vitro seed grown plantlets. The present study investigates the effects of the types and combination of plant growth regulators on tissue culture system of M. sacchariflorus. Shoot apices from in vitro germinated seedling explants were tested for adventitious shoot proliferation. The highest level of proliferation (proliferation coefficient 11.66) was obtained when shoot apices were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.05 mg L−1 α–naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 3% sucrose, and 0.8% agar. The highest root number (13.33) and root length (9.67 cm) were obtained when adventitious shoots were cultured on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg L−1 NAA, 3% sucrose, and 0.8% agar. The efficient plant regeneration system developed here will be helpful for rapid propagation and further genetic improvement in M. sacchariflorus.

Abstract: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to study the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of three primary biomass components (cellulose, xylan and lignin) and seven different biomass materials under both of nitrogen and air atmosphere. Based on the experimental results, the pyrolysis and combustion kinetics were calculated. The results indicated that the three primary biomass components exhibited different decomposition characteristics and pyrolysis kinetics. Xylan was the least thermal stable component, while the lignin would form much more solid residues than the cellulose and xylan under the nitrogen atmosphere. Moreover, the pyrolytic devolatilization process of the cellulose had high activation energy, so was the char combustion process of the lignin. The seven biomass materials showed similar pyrolysis characteristics, and poplar wood exhibited high activation energy values in both of pyrolysis and combustion processes.

Abstract: Policy modeling has been widely applied in the economy, environment and other fields. As one of a core technology, CGE model plays an irreplaceable role in all areas of policy modeling studies. In this paper, the authors sort out the development context of CGE model. Given the energy and environment issues have become increasingly prominent, this paper analyzes the international research emphasis and research results of CGE model that have been achieved in the fields of energy and environment policy modeling. Finally, given the inadequacy of existing research and with the current trends in the field of policy simulation and management practices, the authors predict future research trends of the application of CGE model.

Abstract: Radial lip seals made from PTFE composites are used more frequently for sealing of crank shafts in automotive and aerospace industries. Due to the seal loses materials and finally fails. Through experiment on a test rig, the tribology performance of seal can be predicted. Because of the non-linear elasto-viscoplastc material properties of PTFE composites, the finite element analysis (FEA) is adopted. A modified iterative remeshing method is adopted in wear process. The lip wears out according to the contact pressure of the node on the contact surface. Comparisons between numerical simulation and short-term service are made. The results show that the maximum of contact pressure decreased and width increased with wear time added, and the maximum of contact pressure moves toward the lip tip. Finally, it reaches lip tip, the phenomenon of uneven contact pressure was disappeared.

Abstract: A study on the building energy consumption analysis of daylighting-based lighting control strategy was carried out. A circle type of building was mainly simulated by using the eQUEST energy simulating software. By setting various window-wall ratios, we try to find the relationship between the energy saved by daylighting-based lighting control and the other main energy consumptions, such as the cooling and heating energies. The data shows that the energy saving potential of daylighting-based lighting control strategy can be 40% under the proper window-wall ratio, and in the meanwhile, the total energy saving of the whole building can be 8%. A formula is given to get the best window-wall ratio of various cities according to its geographical information and local climate factors.

Abstract: The cooling and heating load caused by the heat transfer of the window is significantly greater than that caused by the heat transfer of wall because of the large heat transfer coefficient of the window. At the same time, the sun radiate heat through the window into indoor can increase the cooling load and decrease the heating load; the natural lighting enhances, and the lighting energy consumption decreases because of entering sunlight. The paper took a low energy consumption office building in the northern China for example, synthetically analyzed the cooling energy consumption, heating energy consumption and lighting energy consumption of every orientation under the condition of lighting control or no lighting control. The results show that comparing with no lighting control, the energy consumption with lighting control is less. When using lighting control, the best WWR of south, north, east, west are 0.35, 0.3, 0.3, 0.25, respectively; then the building energy saving rate is 8.2%.

Abstract: Currently, GB(T212—1996), the coal industrial analysis standard, and ASTM(E870-82) , the American Society for Testing Material, are two main methods of studying basic characteristics of biomass in China. In this work, nine kinds of biomass are burned to ash under two standard temperatures, 815°C(GB) and 590°C(ASTM), whose contents are then measured , composition analysed through XRF(X-ray fluorescence)and fusion temperatures tested by 5E-AFⅢ intelligent ash fusion temperature tester. As can be seen in the tests, biomass produced under different ashing temperatures differs in ash content and composition, and the variation of ash composition further contributes to the variation of ash fusion temperatures. The results of the experiments indicate that, ashing temperatures have a significant influence on ash content. The effect of ashing temperatures on ash composition tends to be higher in biomass with higher content of the element K. As with biomass with high contents of K and Ca, ash fusion temperatures are sensitive to the variation of ashing temperatures. As a result, when dealing with biomass of this kind, lower ashing temperatures should be chosen.