Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 268-270

Abstract: Graphene is one of the most promising new electrochemical materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its superior electronic properties. In this work, we describe the patent map on graphene-based LIBs. We discuss the time-line for the amount of patent applications on LIBs, the nation and applicant distribution of the patent applications. We analysis the technology distribution in this field, which shows that applications about graphene-based cathode increase really fast. According to the analyse result, the Chinese patents have occupied the leading position in this new field but the applications are mostly submitted by colleges and research institutes, which suggests that few inventions have been implemented. In order to hold the market trends and improve competitiveness, it is necessary to keep eyes on worldwide patent application situations and build effective patent strategy, therefore, we also raise some advices and countermeasures about the graphene-based LIBs.

Abstract: In this work, we concentrate on the preparation of oxidized starch modification reagent by enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment, preparation of the urea-formaldehyde resin with low toxicity. The performance of modified urea-formaldehyde resin depend on the oxidation degree of oxidized starch and whether using enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment or not. 100-PH9-HOS(the starch enzymatic hydrolysis then oxidized in 100°C with pH 9) synthetized modified urea-formaldehyde resin (100-PH9-HOS-UF) only with a free formaldehyde content of 0.14%, the lowest formaldehyde emission of 0.6078mg/L. Infrared spectroscopy test results show that samples at 3350cm-1 p-hydroxyl hydrogen bonds of association half-peak width minimum hefeng, amino-hydroxy hydrogen bond of association that samples are the weakest and with maximum cross-linking degrees; The modified urea-formaldehyde resin by oxidized starch curing properties of impact factors show that: the deeper drgree of oxidation, the higher curing temperature and the lower enthalpy.

Abstract: The composite nanofiber membranes of poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PCL/PVP) containing silver nanoparticles were prepared by electrospinning method. The morphology of composite nanofibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The silver nanoparticles on the electrospun fibers were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The contact angle and water uptake of PCL/PVP/Ag nanofiber membranes were measured. The SEM photos indicated that the average diameter of the fibers was significantly decreased with the addition of silver nanoparticles. The X-Ray images showed that Ag nanoparticles were distributed on the surface of nanofiber membranes. When the PVP mole ratio was higher than 15%, the nanofiber membranes showed good hydrophilic property. The PCL/PVP/Ag nanofiber membranes could be applied to prepare wound dressing.

Abstract: Using pure cottons as raw materials, a variety of specifications of the low twist yarns were produced through configuration of yarns’ counts, twist of single and ply yarns to ensure strength of yarn weaving. Strength, evenness, hairiness and other properties of the low twist yarns were also investigated. Production process is non-pollution, short, and low cost. The fabric products are fluffy and soft, absorbent, warm and full.

Abstract: The influence of the catalyst type and content on the synthesis of SIPE was studied in the paper. The result revealed that 0.4% Zn(Ac)2 is the optimum formulation to afford a desired SIPE.

Abstract: Carboxymethyl starch (CMS) was used as printing thickener, it was synthesized by carboxymethylation reaction with acid-hydrolyzed maize starch and chloroacetic acid(MCA). The optimum conditions of synthesized CMS were as follows: the ratio of nNaOH/nAGU was 3, the ratio of nMCA/nAGU was 1.5:1, etherification temperature was 65°C. The highest degree of substitution(DS) was 0.45. The maximum value of printing viscosity index(PVI) was 0.513, the best water-retention property was 0.2cm and the solid containing rate was 8%. Compared the synthesized CMS with sodium alginate, the results on printing experiments showed the properties of the CMS were almost the same as sodium alginate. Form FT-IR, it was found carboxyl functional group were show at absorption peak of 1604cm-1,1425cm-1 and 1325cm-1, it indicated that the maize starch were substituted.

Abstract: In the recent industrial practice, the produced water has been used for the preparation of polyacrylamide (PAM) for the enhancement of oil recovery in Chinese oilfields. With more affecting factors than the tap water, the produced water, originating from the existence of complicated constituents in the water, leads to the worth viscosity of the PAM solution. In this paper, the affecting factors were identified and evaluated by the analysis of the PAM operations of preparation, storage and production in Daqing oilfield. Effects of physical factors on PAM viscosity were studied in the lab test for understanding and controlling the viscosity. The results show that the dominant physical factors are composed of the heat, storage time, mechanical stress and photo/sonic radiation. Most notably viscosity degradation of PAM solution was exhibited by actions of most of the factors. By the results, the mechanism of the controlling viscosity was briefly proposed and discussed. These data can be provided and suitably specified for the benefit of polymer flooding production.

Abstract: Twin-screw extruder was used as a dissolution unit for microcrystalline cellulose with ionic liquid. Ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) was applied as solvent and plasticizer; it was mixed with cellulose to prepare the extrusion mixture. The extrusion mixture was feed into twin screw extruder which was run under conditions; speed 65 rpm and 1400C. In order to determine whether the cellulose I has been transformed into cellulose II, the solubility, structure, crystallinty and thermal stability of the extrude cellulose were investigated by polarizing Optical microscope, FTIR, XRD and TGA, respectively. The results which were obtained from polarizing optical microscope showed a clear cellulose solution without undissolved cellulose. FTIR confirmed the transfer cellulose I into cellulose II. XRD result showed a decrease in degree of crystallinity and confirmed the change of cellulose I into cellulose II. Finally, TGA analysis approved that the thermal stability was decreased according to the decrease in crystallinity.

Abstract: A magneto-hydrodynamic(MHD) model of magnetic controlled DC plasma torch is presented. The model includes the Navier-Stokes and the energy equations modified by the addition of some source terms, which reflect the Lorentz force due to the self-induced and the external magnetic fields, the radiative cooling and the Joule heating. In addition, the generalized Ohm's law, and the Maxwell's equations are also modeled. The MHD model is solved with the software FLUENT . The distribution of the velocity in the torch is obtained. The results show that the larger the current size of external current-carrying solenoid coil is , the greater the radial velocity and swirl velocity in the torch outlet are.

Abstract: 2500 meters below Baka block appears extremely thick coal seam and distributed long, unconsolidated and mixed up with carbonaceous mudstone between beds. The relieved stress after a new borehole is drilled will lead to the wellbore caving and peeling and finally form an approximate elliptic borehole, causing vicious accidents such as bit bouncing, bit freezing while tripping and even borehole discarding. The anti-sloughing capability of Amine Polymeric Alcohol (AP-1) was evaluated by tertiary recovery test and core immersing test, the formula of Amine Polymeric Alcohol drilling fluid system was also optimized. Indoor research shows that the drilling fluid is of strong inhibition and pollution resistance. Its plastic viscosity is 24 mPa•s, shear force is 11 Pa and permeability recovery value reached（81.9-89.6）%. The successful test in Ke 21 Ping 1 well indicates that Amine Polymeric Alcohol drilling fluid system with powerful inhibition can effectively solve the collapse of Jurassic coal seam and carbonaceous mudstone, present high lubricity and can improve the drilling speed effectively, meanwhile, it performances well in gaining reservoir protection, controlling drilling fluid rheological properties, enhancing pollution resistance and reducing the occurrence of complex accidents downhole. Thus it can provide reference for future drilling operation in sloughing formations.