Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 295-298

Abstract: Aiming at effects evaluation of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) for environment and human health, Multi-sources Local Diffusion Model for Dioxins Based on Gauss Method (DM-Ⅱ) is developed, in which the terrains and mixed layer thickness considered. The meteorological observations data during spring in 2006 at the Jinhua region in Zhejiang province were analyzed, and various probabilities obtained in different wind, different wind speed and different stability respectively. Based on this analysis results, using DM-Ⅱ, diffusion of several key sources of dioxin emissions at the Jinhua region is simulated, and the distribution of dioxin POPs is simulated during spring in 2006 in the region. The average concentration of dioxin POPs is about 0.1~1pg/m3 in near areas of emission sources.

Abstract: Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are man-made fluorinated hydrocarbons, which are very persistent in the environment. Being the most important PFC, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) have received much attention. According to the large production volume and wide usage in industrial and commercial products in the past, PFOS and PFOA can be detected in various environmental media and matrix, even in human tissues. This paper attempts to review the current status of PFOS and PFOA contaminations in Asia, focusing on a variety of water systems, including surface waters, drinking water, coastal water and sea water. The current information suggests that PFOS and PFOA were replacement compounds identified, although PFC species detected were not completely the same in different water systems. The information also suggests that drinking water might be an important source of exposure to PFOS and PFOA, and continued human exposure to even relatively low concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in drinking water may result in elevated body burdens that may increase the risk of health effects.

Abstract: Invasive alien marine species threaten biodiversity, marine industries (including fishing and tourism), and human health. A brief overview is presented of the current situation and the harm caused by marine biological invasions in China, in parallel with an analysis of the current state of related Chinese regulatory and legislative systems. The major impact and complexity of marine biological invasions on the ecological environment in China has had a major impact on human health, as well as social and economic development. Consequently, the responsibilities of current domestic management, which has too many administrative departments, remain unclear. Therefore, we conclude that it is necessary to establish an international, regional, and cross-departmental cooperation and management system, to effectively resolve the problem of alien marine species invasion in China.

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology that will provide subsidies for offshore companies to perform an audit of their facilities optimized because it contemplates the current legislation requirements on environmental issues, risk management, quality, process safety, occupational safety and health worker. Along the auditing process, organizations are forced to deal with other concerns, such as man-hours used only for monitoring of audits, infrastructure for carrying out various audits, difficulty in developing, implementing and monitoring of action plans of nonconformities generated from several audits which are submitted throughout the year. A systematic audit optimized integrated will be a fundamental tool for internal management of companies in the offshore segment as to its legal and managerial aspects, which will greatly influence the foundation for decision making, as well as enable the identification of opportunities for improvement in the management of health, safety and environmental (HSE), development and implementation of processes and procedures, allowing a prior diagnosis of their facilities before the existing government audits which occur in facility life .

Abstract: The RNG turbulence model and species transport model were employed to simulate the dispersion of CO2 contaminant in the road vehicle cabin. Three different air supply velocities were analysed, the results indicates that CO2 concentration at middle zone is higher, CO2 concentration at seat zone is higher and easy to gather at lower air velocity. When air velocity is smaller, the height concentration appear distinctly layering. The concentration layering gradually weaken when the air supply velocity increase 5m/s. Increasing the air supply velocity the air velocity is higher than the levels and energy cost.

Abstract: High whiteness of the paper, as well as inappropriate reading background color will produce a strong eye irritation, thus affecting the reading results. The paper studyed the relationship between the background color and visual fatigue, aimed to get a proper background color which can reduce visual fatigue. Experiment from three aspects to study: single color and visual fatigue relationship, the relationship between synthetic colors and visual fatigue, the relationship between paper whiteness and visual fatigue. Statistical analysis: single color is not appropriate as a long-length read background color; compared with the single-color samples, synthetic color helps relieve visual fatigue, and the most suitable background colors are tan and Moccasins color; the cultural paper with higher whiteness easily cause visual fatigue, so appropriatly reduce the whiteness helps relieve visual fatigue.

Abstract: In rural Xuanwei County, the women have the highest rates of the lung cancer compared with other regions in China. In order to understand the relationship between indoor mass concentrations and lung cancer, samples were collected in January, March and December 2011 by using TSP-PM10-PM2.5 impactor in Xuanwei County and Liupanshui District (control), China. Mass concentrations were analyzed using the membrane filter weighing method. The results show the average 24-h mass concentrations of indoor PM10 are all lower than the value of Xingfu village (control), Guizhou province, but these are obviously higher than the national standard (150μg/m3, Indoor air pollution standards(GB/T 18883-2002)), which indicates that indoor pollution is very serious. Moreover, the indoor PM10 mass concentrations are diverse in different villages, with Jiubao to be the highest, followed by Longlin, Luoshui, Hutou, Xinjian and Caohua. All the values of indoor are higher than outdoor, which indicates that indoor PM10 in Xuanwei County mainly originates from indoor pollution. Indoor PM2.5 pollution is very severe, but outdoor fine particle is less polluted. This shows that indoor fine particle in Xuanwei County mainly originates from indoor pollution.

Abstract: High whiteness paper is likely to cause visual fatigue. The relationship between whiteness and visual comfort is studyed by adopting the form of a combination of presentation reading and questionnaires. The experimental results show that, during the reading process, the higher of paper whiteness, the greater the chance of looked up, eye rubbing, and other little tricks, at the same time, the easier inattentive, have a negative impact on reading effect.

Abstract: Along with social progress, economic development, and the improvement of living standards, quality and safety issues of the vegetables have been concerned increasingly. Pollution-free vegetables production has important ecological, economic, and social benefits. This article had described the key techniques of the pollution-free vegetables production, including planting environment selection, the varieties selection, cultivation management, fertilizers application, pests and diseases control, which could provide a reference for the development of pollution-free vegetables production in Hainan. According to the principles of sustainable development and basic requirements of green food, based on the status of pollution-free vegetables production, this study had summarized the problems in the production process of pollution-free vegetables and explored countermeasures to these problems, which can provide some ideas for the future development of pollution-free vegetables.

Abstract: Environmental hormone (EH) is a kind of exogenous compound, which has many sorts, sources, approaches, and characters with high stability and difficulty biodegradation. EH exerts its effects on reproductive, nervous, immune, endocrine system, liver, and kidney, it is very harmful to human being’s health, growth and reproduction, which has caused widely attention. The studies of EH are imperative due to a major threat of survival to the animal and human. In this paper, the types of EH disrupters, detriment on animal and human were analyzed systematically, which shown the widely existed EH pollution. The state government departments should pay attention to EH and make further efforts to strengthen the work of the EH pollution prevention and control.